Oryza sativa straw restricts Phalaris minor growth: allelochemicals or soil resource manipulation?

Kaushik, S. K.; Inderjit, Inderjit

doi:10.1007/s00374-006-0136-z

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Gundale and DeLuca (2007) suggested that the phenols in the low-temperature charcoal may be phytotoxic, and there is evidence of the phytotoxic eff ects of phenol in the literature (Kaushik and Inderjit, 2007;Wang et al, 2002). Th e negative eff ect of the high-VM charcoal extracts on radish seedling root growth in our germination tests suggests a potential toxic eff ect, but the lack of a signifi cant eff ect on the corn root and shoot growth weakens the speculation that phytotoxicity was a major factor in reducing corn growth.…”

Section: Treatment N P K Ca Mgmentioning

confidence: 63%

Charcoal Volatile Matter Content Influences Plant Growth and Soil Nitrogen Transformations

Deenik

McClellan

Uehara

et al. 2010

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

406

237

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A series of short‐term greenhouse experiments and laboratory incubations were conducted to evaluate the effect of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) nut shell (MNS) charcoal with varying volatile matter (VM) content on soil properties and plant growth in two tropical soils. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) were planted in an Andisol amended with four rates of MNS charcoal (0, 5, 10, and 20% w/w) containing relatively high VM content (225 g kg−1) with and without N fertilizer. Increasing rates of charcoal without N caused a significant decline in both lettuce and corn growth. Corn growth declined significantly with or without N at the two highest charcoal rates. In a third experiment, corn growth also declined significantly in an Ultisol amended with the MNS charcoal (5% w/w) with and without fertilizers. In a fourth experiment, charcoals with high VM (225 g kg−1) showed negative effects on plant growth while the low‐VM (63.0 g kg−1) charcoal supplemented with fertilizer showed a significant positive effect on corn growth. Results from the 2‐wk incubation experiments showed that high‐VM charcoal caused a significant decline in soil NH4+–N and a significant increase in soil respiration compared with the soil amended with low‐VM charcoal and the soil alone. We propose that phenolic compounds and other products in the high‐VM charcoal stimulated microbial growth and immobilization of plant‐available N. Our results demonstrate that VM content appears to be an important property of charcoal that has short‐term effects on soil N transformations and plant growth. Longer incubation experiments and field trials are needed to further elucidate the role of charcoal VM content on soil processes and plant growth.

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Section: Treatment N P K Ca Mgmentioning

confidence: 63%

Charcoal Volatile Matter Content Influences Plant Growth and Soil Nitrogen Transformations

Deenik

McClellan

Uehara

et al. 2010

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

406

237

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“…Far-red light could suppress seed germination and seedling growth of , or 400 μL Mikania leaf leachate/g soil. Two-way ANOVA was carried out to find out the impact and interaction of soil sterilization and concentration of Mikania leaf leachate on relative phenolic content plant species and low R/FR ratio of shade light causes seed dormancy in many species (Lambers et al 1998;Kaushik 2010). Soil respiration in terms of CO 2 evolution is used as a method to compare different soils for microbial activity (Haney et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of invasion of Mikania micrantha on germination of rice seedlings, plant richness, chemical properties and respiration of soil

2011

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Mikania micrantha, a creeper and climber, has invaded forests and agricultural areas in the Western Ghats. A quantification of the effect of Mikania on species richness and factors that contribute to its success would help to understand the invasion success of Mikania in the Western Ghats of India. This study investigated its impact on species richness and factors that contribute to its invasion success. Impact of Mikania on species richness was studied in areas invaded by Mikania and not yet invaded by Mikania by quadrat (1×1 m 2 ) method. Growth experiments were carried out with Mikania rhizosphere soil and soil treated with Mikania leaf leachate. Chemical characteristics such as electrical conductivity, organic matter, extractable P, total organic N and water-soluble phenolics, and microbial respiration of soil invaded by Mikania and not yet invaded by Mikania were measured. We observed lower species richness in areas invaded by Mikania compared to areas not yet invaded by Mikania. Seedling growth was suppressed in Mikania rhizosphere soil or soil treated with higher levels of Mikania leaf leachate. Higher levels of organic matter, total organic N and watersoluble phenolics, and lower microbial activity were observed in Mikania rhizosphere soil. Soil treated with Mikania leaf leachate has higher amounts of watersoluble phenolics. Mikania invasion appears to reduce plant species richness in the Western Ghats, and discourage seedling growth of certain plant species. Factors that are likely to contribute to Mikania success are its ability to pre-empt light and alter soil chemistry and biochemistry in ways that benefit the species.

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“…We tested the phytotoxic effects of m-tyrosine on lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ), littleseed canarygrass ( Phalaris minor ) and bamboo ( Bambusa arundinacea ) using filter paper and soil (non-sterile or sterile) bioassays. Since m-tyrosine was suggested to be a potent allelopathic and herbicidal compound [17] , [18] , we have chosen lettuce - a sensitive species widely used as an assay species in allelopathic research [19] , bamboo - a native species of Indian subcontinent grown throughout the world [20] , and littleseed canarygrass - an exotic weed found in wheat fields of northwestern India [21] . A 2500 µM aqueous stock solution of m-tyrosine was prepared, which was serially diluted to obtain 1250, 625, 312.5, 156.3 and 78.2 µM m-tyrosine (hereafter referred as 2500, 1250, 625, 313, 156 and 78 µM, respectively).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking Ecological Function Seriously: Soil Microbial Communities Can Obviate Allelopathic Effects of Released Metabolites

et al. 2009

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BackgroundAllelopathy (negative, plant-plant chemical interactions) has been largely studied as an autecological process, often assuming simplistic associations between pairs of isolated species. The growth inhibition of a species in filter paper bioassay enriched with a single chemical is commonly interpreted as evidence of an allelopathic interaction, but for some of these putative examples of allelopathy, the results have not been verifiable in more natural settings with plants growing in soil.Methodology/Principal findingsOn the basis of filter paper bioassay, a recent study established allelopathic effects of m-tyrosine, a component of root exudates of Festuca rubra ssp. commutata. We re-examined the allelopathic effects of m-tyrosine to understand its dynamics in soil environment. Allelopathic potential of m-tyrosine with filter paper and soil (non-sterile or sterile) bioassays was studied using Lactuca sativa, Phalaris minor and Bambusa arundinacea as assay species. Experimental application of m-tyrosine to non-sterile and sterile soil revealed the impact of soil microbial communities in determining the soil concentration of m-tyrosine and growth responses.Conclusions/SignificanceHere, we show that the allelopathic effects of m-tyrosine, which could be seen in sterilized soil with particular plant species were significantly diminished when non-sterile soil was used, which points to an important role for rhizosphere-specific and bulk soil microbial activity in determining the outcome of this allelopathic interaction. Our data show that the amounts of m-tyrosine required for root growth inhibition were higher than what would normally be found in F. rubra ssp. commutata rhizosphere. We hope that our study will motivate researchers to integrate the role of soil microbial communities in bioassays in allelopathic research so that its importance in plant-plant competitive interactions can be thoroughly evaluated.

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Oryza sativa straw restricts Phalaris minor growth: allelochemicals or soil resource manipulation?

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Charcoal Volatile Matter Content Influences Plant Growth and Soil Nitrogen Transformations

Charcoal Volatile Matter Content Influences Plant Growth and Soil Nitrogen Transformations

Effects of invasion of Mikania micrantha on germination of rice seedlings, plant richness, chemical properties and respiration of soil

Taking Ecological Function Seriously: Soil Microbial Communities Can Obviate Allelopathic Effects of Released Metabolites

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