Orthopaedic Aspects of All-terrain Vehicle-related Injury

Sawyer, Jeffrey R.; Kelly, Derek M.; Kellum, Ethan; Warner, William C.

doi:10.5435/00124635-201104000-00006

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…4 Moreover, in addition to neurological morbidity, several other types of injuries have also been reported, such as orthopedic, abdominal, and ophthalmological injuries. 12,19 All-terrain vehicles are 3-or 4-wheeled, motorized, gasoline-powered vehicles with a weight typically between 300 and 600 lbs (135 and 270 kg), a high center of gravity, motorcycle-style handlebars for steering control, a seat designed to be straddled from atop a platform, and oversized, low-pressure knobby tires optimized for off-road, nonpaved terrain traversal. 21 With engine sizes ranging from approximately 50-750 cm 3 of displacement, ATVs are now capable of achieving speeds up to 75 mph (120 km/h).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition and measurement of rider-intrinsic physical attributes influencing all-terrain vehicle safety

Mattei¹,

Bond

Hafner

et al. 2011

FOC

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Object All-terrain vehicle (ATV) usage has grown tremendously over the years, reaching 9.5 million vehicles in use in 2007. Accompanying this growth has been a concomitant increase in rider morbidity (including traumatic brain and spine injuries) and death, especially in children. The purpose of this study was to define and measure, through field testing, those physical attributes intrinsic to riders, such as height, weight, and wingspan, which may have implications for ATV riders' safety. Methods Three field tests (J-hook, brake, and bump) were developed and performed to allow direct measurement of the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical dynamics in 5 riders of varying heights, weights, and wingspans. Two ATVs, a utility and a sport model, were tested for further comparisons. Data were acquired using a comprehensive data acquisition system attached to the ATVs. Assignment of individual rider/ATV test safety ratings and a rider/ATV Total Safety Rating were made from the results of these field tests. Results The J-hook test results demonstrated that larger rider wingspans positively influence ATV rider safety and mitigate against lateral instability. From the brake test it was determined that a 10-in (25.4-cm) longitudinal displacement, such as that experienced during a sharp deceleration, for a rider of any height or weight, breached the level of defined safety. As rider weight increased, displacement decreased. The bump test provided evidence that increased rider weight also mitigates against vertical displacement. Conclusions Individuals with light weights and small wingspans, such as those in the pediatric population, are under considerable risk of injury when operating an ATV due to lateral, longitudinal, and vertical operational instability.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Definition and measurement of rider-intrinsic physical attributes influencing all-terrain vehicle safety

Mattei¹,

Bond

Hafner

et al. 2011

FOC

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, while the focus of this paper has been on fatalities, there will also be highly significant economic impacts from quad bike morbidity, particularly for those cases that result in lifelong disabling conditions such as head and spinal injury. Such concerns are also well documented in the international literature 47–49 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Australian quad bike fatalities: what is the economic cost?

Lower

Pollock

Herde

2013

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…15 Upper limb fractures are less common. 18 Although rarely reported, 9 vertebral fractures (as illustrated by Case 1 in the present series) cause significant morbidity and in the case of cervical fractures they are often incompatible with life. Thoracolumbar injury is most common 16 but cervical fractures have greater negative impact on survival.…”

Section: Musculoskeletal/orthopaedic Injurymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…8 These large engine vehicles can reach speeds of up to 120 km per hour and may weigh in excess of 230 kg. 9 One case control study 10 0.9% increase in risk of ATV injury/death for every 1% increase in engine size. Paediatric injury and fatality from ATV use has been well described in the literature 4,11 although they account for just 15% of ATV users.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%