Orthogonal Spectral Coding of Entangled Photons

Lukens, Joseph M.; Dezfooliyan, Amir; Langrock, Carsten; Fejer, M. M.; Leaird, Daniel E.; Weiner, Andrew M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.133602

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Line-by-line pulse shaping [18,19] permits arbitrary phase shifts for frequency modes, i.e., the operation V mn = e iφm δ mn . Following the initial demonstration of entangled-photon temporal shaping in 2005 [20], a range of experiments have showcased the utility of pulse shaping at the single-photon level [21][22][23][24][25].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Optic Frequency Beam Splitters and Tritters for High-Fidelity Photonic Quantum Information Processing

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report experimental realization of high-fidelity photonic quantum gates for frequency-encoded qubits and qutrits based on electro-optic modulation and Fourier-transform pulse shaping. Our frequency version of the Hadamard gate offers near-unity fidelity (0.99998 ± 0.00003), requires only a single microwave drive tone for near-ideal performance, functions across the entire C-band (1530-1570 nm), and can operate concurrently on multiple qubits spaced as tightly as four frequency modes apart, with no observable degradation in the fidelity. For qutrits we implement a 3 × 3 extension of the Hadamard gate: the balanced tritter. This tritter-the first ever demonstrated for frequency modes-attains fidelity 0.9989 ± 0.0004. These gates represent important building blocks toward scalable, high-fidelity quantum information processing based on frequency encoding.Introduction.-The coherent translation of quantum states from one frequency to another via optical nonlinearites has been the focus of considerable research since the early 1990s [1]; yet only fairly recently have such processes been explored in the more elaborate context of time-frequency quantum information processing (QIP), where optical frequency is not just the carrier of quantum information but the information itself. Important examples include the quantum pulse gate [2,3], which uses nonlinear mixing with shaped classical pulses for selective conversion of the time-frequency modes of single photons [4][5][6], and demonstrations of frequency beamsplitters based on both χ (2) [7,8] and χ (3) [9][10][11] nonlinearities, which interfere two wavelength modes analogously to a spatial beamsplitter. These seminal experiments have shown key primitives in frequency-based QIP, but many challenges remain. For example, optical filters and/or low temperatures are required to remove background noise due to powerful optical pumps, either from the sources themselves or Raman scattering in the nonlinear medium. And achieving the necessary nonlinear mixing for arbitrary combinations of modes will require additional pump fields, as well as properly engineered phase-matching conditions.Recently we proposed a fundamentally distinct platform for frequency-bin manipulations, relying on electrooptic phase modulation and Fourier-transform pulse shaping for universal QIP [12]. Our approach requires no optical pump fields, is readily parallelized, and scales well with the number of modes. In this Letter, we apply this paradigm to experimentally demonstrate the first electro-optic-based frequency beamsplitter. Our frequency beamsplitter attains high fidelity, operates in * lougovskip@ornl.gov parallel on multiple two-mode subsets across the entire optical C-band, and retains excellent performance at the single-photon level. Moreover, by incorporating an additional harmonic in the microwave drive signal, we also realize a balanced frequency tritter, the threemode extension of the beamsplitter. This is the first frequency tritter demonstrated on any platform, and establishes our electro...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electro-Optic Frequency Beam Splitters and Tritters for High-Fidelity Photonic Quantum Information Processing

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yet actually extracting this information potential can prove extremely difficult. For example, in our experiments [57], the maximum number of frequency chips is limited by the 10-GHz spectral resolution of the pulse shaper-not the *200-kHz pump linewidth. Similar behavior has been shown for time binning [66] and orbital angular momentum [67], in which there were observed maximum dimensions beyond which the secure information capacity dropped.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Fourier-transform pulse shaping was not explicitly considered in this proposal-and admittedly, pulse shapers cannot apply dispersions as large as other optical devices such as fiber Bragg gratings-the basic idea does lend itself to such pulse shaping. In fact, it would be interesting to consider how the spectral coding demonstrated in [57] could be used for similar time spreading and despreading in a form of code-based time-frequency QKD. And so while experiments up to this point have already revealed new insights into the behavior of entangled photons, numerous opportunities remain unrealized, particularly in the context of quantum cryptography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An experimental example with length-40 Hadamard codes is furnished in Fig. 13.10b [57], using a setup identical to that in the previously discussed high-order dispersion cancellation experiments [26]. When the signal is encoded with a particular Hadamard sequence, the initially sharp correlation is temporally spread.…”

Section: Detailed Example Ii: Encoding and Decoding Of Biphoton Wavepmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Biphoton Pulse Shaping

Lukens

Weiner

2015

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent research has demonstrated how classical optical signal-processing techniques can be extended to nonclassical entangled-photon states, permitting unprecedented control of the time-frequency correlations shared by these light quanta. In this chapter, we introduce the basic theory behind such biphoton pulse shaping and highlight several key experiments conducted in this field. Our emphasis is not only on how entangled photons benefit from these traditionally classical techniques, but also how their specifically quantum properties produce interesting effects not observable with classical fields. We consider both Fourier-transform pulse shaping, which relies on programmable spectral filtering, and electro-optic modulation, in which the temporal phase or amplitude of the biphoton is manipulated by an electrical signal. Both avenues of research have facilitated new insights into biphoton correlations and look to play an important role in the future of quantum state manipulation and the next generation of quantum communication networks. IntroductionThe groundbreaking experiments of Hanbury Brown and Twiss in the 1950s [1, 2] highlighted a grave need in the optical community to better understand the correlations shared by multiple photons. Virtually all optical interference experiments prior to that time had consisted of first-order intensity measurements, which quantum mechanically could be understood as the interference of a single photon with itself. Yet Hanbury Brown and Twiss instead examined the correlations between two photoelectric detectors, finding that a pair of photons from a thermal light source are twice as likely to arrive together than at a specific nonzero delay,

show abstract

“…of spectral shaping [47][48][49][50] , which allows a full grip on continuous frequency correlations. With spectral entanglement in telecom bandwidths in a multiplexing scheme 39,40 , we expect an efficient and high-capacity quantum communication and multimode quantum information processing 51,52 .…”

Section: Pump Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral shaping of the biphoton state from multiplexed thermal atomic ensembles

Lin¹,

Jen²

2020

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We theoretically investigate the spectral property of a biphoton state from multiplexed thermal atomic ensembles. This biphoton state originates from the cascade emissions, which can be generated by two weak pump fields under four-wave mixing condition. Under this condition, a signal photon from the upper transition, chosen in a telecommunication bandwidth, can be generated along with a correlated idler photon from the lower infrared transition. We can spectrally shape the biphoton state by multiplexing the atomic ensembles with frequency-shifted emissions, where the entropy of entanglement can be analyzed via Schmidt decompositions. We find that this spectral entanglement increases when more vapor cells are multiplexed with correlated or anti-correlated signal and idler fields. The eigenvalues in Schmidt bases approach degenerate under this multiplexing scheme, and corresponding Schmidt numbers can be larger than the number of the multiplexed vapor cells, showing the enlarged entropy of entanglement and excess correlated modes in continuous frequency spaces. We also investigate the lowest entropy of entanglement allowed in the multiplexing scheme, which is preferential for generating a pure single photon source. This shows the potentiality to spectrally shape the biphoton source, where high-capacity spectral modes can be applied in long-distance quantum communication and multimode quantum information processing. 2/11

show abstract

Orthogonal Spectral Coding of Entangled Photons

Cited by 50 publications

References 35 publications

Electro-Optic Frequency Beam Splitters and Tritters for High-Fidelity Photonic Quantum Information Processing

Electro-Optic Frequency Beam Splitters and Tritters for High-Fidelity Photonic Quantum Information Processing

Biphoton Pulse Shaping

Spectral shaping of the biphoton state from multiplexed thermal atomic ensembles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About