Orthogonal Frequency Coded SAW Sensors for Aerospace SHM Applications

Wilson, William C.; Malocha, D.C.; Kozlovski, N. Y.; Gallagher, D.R.; Fisher, B.; Pavlina, J.; Saldanha, N.; Puccio, D.; Atkinson, Gary M.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2009.2027403

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For instance, wireless strain sensors have been demonstrated for medical applications to monitor human biological factors, thus avoiding invasive wired techniques [1]- [3]. Interest has also been expressed for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications where wired strain sensors cannot be used due to moving parts or where wire weight and routing are a concern [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Humphries

Malocha

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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Wireless sensors offer a unique solution for many applications where wired designs may not be feasible. This paper presents the design and experimental results of a passive, wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensor using orthogonal frequency coding (OFC) for the device identification. The sensor operates at a frequency of 915 MHz with a bandwidth of 68 MHz. A vector network analyzer is used to interrogate the sensor from a range of 60 cm (2 ft), with further range possible by increased transmitter output power or averaging. The sensor is bonded directly to a steel cantilever test structure and could be attached directly to other structures. An external connection site facilitates an antenna, with bond wires joining the connection site to the SAW die. A 3-D printed package protects the sensor while allowing the antenna to be mounted externally from the sensor package. Experimental results show that the wireless SAW strain sensor performs comparably to a wired, commercial strain gage. In addition, the strain sensitivity is extracted for this SAW OFC strain sensor embodiment which describes the frequency shift with the applied strain (−1.80 ppm/με).Index Terms-Wireless sensor, saw sensor, surface acoustic wave (saw), structural health monitoring (shm), saw strain sensor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Humphries

Malocha

2015

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…[1][2][3] A number of criteria such as high sensitivity, repeatability, and short response time are generally required for such devices. [4][5][6] It should be noted that for specific uses, such as meteorology applications (in radiosondes and weather balloons 7 ), medical diagnostics of exhaled air (for example, pulmonary function diagnosis 8 ), and aerospace applications on board of space vehicles, 9 the response time becomes crucial because humidity measurements and data acquisition in such cases are to be conducted in real time.…”

Section: ' Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TiO₂/LiCl-Based Nanostructured Thin Film for Humidity Sensor Applications

Buvailo

Xing

Hines

et al. 2011

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

109

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A simple and straightforward method of depositing nanostructured thin films, based on LiCl-doped TiO 2 , on glass and LiNbO 3 sensor substrates is demonstrated. A spin-coating technique is employed to transfer a polymer-assisted precursor solution onto substrate surfaces, followed by annealing at 520°C to remove organic components and drive nanostructure formation. The sensor material obtained consists of coin-shaped nanoparticles several hundred nanometers in diameter and less than 50 nm thick. The average thickness of the film was estimated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to be 140 nm. Humidity sensing properties of the nanostructured material and sensor response times were studied using conductometric and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor techniques, revealing reversible signals with good reproducibility and fast response times of about 0.75 s. The applicability of this nanostructured film for construction of rapid humidity sensors was demonstrated. Compared with known complex and expensive methods of synthesizing sophisticated nanostructures for sensor applications, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), this work presents a relatively simple and inexpensive technique to produce SAW humidity sensor devices with competitive performance characteristics.

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“…[9]. The structures and operation [11]. Malocha et al pointed out that many applications have very challenging requirements: maintenance-free (no battery), no external power (scavenging or external power source), reliable life-cycle (years in a wing structure or hours in an engine exhaust), light and small, etc.…”

Section: A Saw Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

A two-layer energy efficient framework using SAW sensor network for leakage detection in monitoring water distribution system

Tang

2014

2014 20th International Conference on Automation and Computing

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Leakage detection is of great importance in reducing water loss, saving energy as well as preventing drinking water and environment from contamination. Previous leakage detection frameworks using wireless sensors for continuous monitoring in hydraulic networks are considerably energy consuming due to their relatively simple structure and power supply for sensor nodes. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors are widely applied in real time monitoring in various applications as SAW do not need power supply and can be accessed wirelessly. In this paper, a new efficient two-layer event detection framework using SAW sensor network in monitoring water distribution system is proposed. Initial abnormal events can be detected in the reader and leakage can be detected in the data centre through calculation by the leakage detection model. To alleviate energy consumption of the leakage detection framework, two-layer control strategies are proposed at data extraction process and data communication process.

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Orthogonal Frequency Coded SAW Sensors for Aerospace SHM Applications

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

TiO₂/LiCl-Based Nanostructured Thin Film for Humidity Sensor Applications

A two-layer energy efficient framework using SAW sensor network for leakage detection in monitoring water distribution system

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Orthogonal Frequency Coded SAW Sensors for Aerospace SHM Applications

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

Wireless SAW Strain Sensor Using Orthogonal Frequency Coding

TiO2/LiCl-Based Nanostructured Thin Film for Humidity Sensor Applications

A two-layer energy efficient framework using SAW sensor network for leakage detection in monitoring water distribution system

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TiO₂/LiCl-Based Nanostructured Thin Film for Humidity Sensor Applications