Orthognathic and Osteoperiosteal Flap Augmentation Strategies for Maxillary Dental Implant Reconstruction

Dental implants placed in severely atrophic jaws reconstructed with autogenous calvarium, bovine bone mineral, and collagen membranes: A 3‐ to 19‐year retrospective follow‐up study

“…This derives in: (a) the absence of sufficient bone volume to host even short (≤6 mm) and/or narrow (<3 mm) implants in a prosthetically driven position; (b) the proximity of anatomical structures, such as the inferior alveolar nerve, the maxillary sinus, and the nasal floor; (c) unfavorable vertical and/or horizontal intermaxillary relationships, which may compromise the final prosthetic outcomes (Chiapasco, Casentini, & Zaniboni, ; Chiapasco, Zaniboni, & Boisco, ). In such cases, to recreate more favorable conditions, different bone reconstructive techniques have been proposed, including guided bone regeneration (Buser et al., ; Chiapasco, Abati, Romeo, & Vogel, ; Hämmerle, Jung, & Feloutzis, ; Lang, Hämmerle, Brägger, Lehmann, & Nyman, ; Simion, Jovanovic, Tinti, & Benfenati, ; Urban, Nagursky, Lozada, & Nagy, ), maxillary sinus floor elevation (Pjetursson, Tan, Zwahlen, & Lang, ; Pjetursson et al., ), distraction osteogenesis (Chiapasco, Consolo, Bianchi, & Ronchi, ; Chin & Toth, ; Jensen, Ringeman, Cottam, & Casap, ), and onlay grafting with autogenous bone blocks (Chiapasco, Brusati, & Ronchi, ; Chiapasco et al., , ; Esposito et al., , ; Nkenke & Neukam, ; Sbordone et al., ; Schwartz‐Arad, Ofec, Eliyahu, Ruban, & Sterer, ; Smolka, ; Von Arx & Buser, ).…”