Orthodontic pain: an interaction between age and sex in early and middle adolescence

Abstract

Age and sex interaction has significant effect on orthodontic pain during adolescence, and 14- to 17-year-old girls experienced maximum pain.

Orthodontic pain trajectories in adolescents: Between-subject and within-subject variability in pain perception

“…sex or dichotomized age) assuming that interest lies in detecting the same effect size for each binary group, and then doubling the estimated sample size to detect the interaction effect. 4,12 The parameter estimates (including time function regression coefficients, and BS and WS variance etc.) required for the power analysis were obtained from the authors of the previous study.…”

“…4 Briefly, in this approach, which is based on the power analysis for a 2 x 2 factorial design, 12 sample size is estimated for either of the binary coded groups (e.g. sex or dichotomized age) assuming that interest lies in detecting the same effect size for each binary group, and then doubling the estimated sample size to detect the interaction effect.…”

“…required for the power analysis were obtained from the authors of the previous study. 4 Based on these parameters, power analysis for the quadratic trend analysis was undertaken to determine the sample size, as recommended for the mixed-effect model for binary coded groups (e.g. male and female).…”

“…Evidence shows that most orthodontic patients report that pain commences during the first couple of hours of orthodontic force application, reaches peak intensity level after one day, and then eventually declines to normal levels after 7 days. [4][5][6][7] Bergius et al 5,6 report that the experience of pain varied substantially among subjects after elastic separators placement, suggesting BS variation in orthodontic pain perception. The authors further report that patient gender had a significant influence on orthodontic pain perception.…”

“…A recent study highlighted the fact that patients' age and sex also have strong interaction as well as direct effects on orthodontic pain perception. 4 Describing pain trajectories would improve understanding of how orthodontic pain conditions develop over time; and whether individuals differ in pain perception. This understanding would then enable better management of orthodontic pain.…”