Orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic treatments in patients with ectodermal dysplasia: a systematic review

Abstract

Objective The objective of this systematic review was to determine the orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic treatments carried out in patients with ectodermal dysplasia to facilitate functional and aesthetic rehabilitation. Methods The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, LILACS, EBSCOhost and Embase databases up to 6 January 2022. We included articles describing patients with any type of ectodermal dysplasia who received orthodontic or dentofacial orthopedic treatment to facilitate functional and aesthetic oral rehabilitation. The search was not restricted by language or year of publication. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Scale of the University of Adelaide for case series and case reports. The review was registered at the University of York Centre for reviews (CRD42021288030). Results Of the initial 403 studies found, 29 met the inclusion criteria. After applying the quality scale, 23 were left for review—21 case reports and 2 case series. The initial age of patients ranged from 34 months to 24 years. Thirteen studies were on hypohidrotic and/or anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, of which two were X-chromosome linked. In one study, the patient had Wiktop syndrome, and in nine the type of ectodermal dysplasia was not specified. The duration of treatment was 7 weeks to 10 years. The treatments described were: fixed orthodontic appliances or simple acrylic plates designed for tooth movement, including leveling and aligning, closing of diastemata, retraction of impacted teeth in the dental arch; clear aligners; fixed and/or removable appliances for the correction of skeletal and/or dentoalveolar relationships; palatal expanders in combination with face masks for orthopedic traction of the maxilla; and orthognathic surgery. Only three studies provided cephalometric data. Conclusion The level of evidence of the articles reviewed was low and most orthopedic and dentofacial orthodontic treatments described were focused on correcting dental malpositioning and jaw asymmetries and not on stimulating growth from an early age. Studies with greater scientific evidence are needed to determine the best treatment for these patients.

Major considerations and clinical outcomes of aligner plates in orthodontic treatments to achieve dental harmonization: a concise systematic review

“…The articles selected in the present study showed that the aligners are created by computer software, require only one impression, require few complementary exams, and allow excellent predictability of the treatment, when used within their indications [1,2]. They have a satisfactory aesthetic level, are comfortable, easy to clean, cause less trauma when compared to conventional fixed appliances, are less uncomfortable for patients since they can be removed and placed back without difficulty by the patient, and demonstrate excellent results.…”

“…They have a satisfactory aesthetic level, are comfortable, easy to clean, cause less trauma when compared to conventional fixed appliances, are less uncomfortable for patients since they can be removed and placed back without difficulty by the patient, and demonstrate excellent results. in light and moderate crowding [2].…”

“…Predictability in the treatment, through which the patient can see the entire treatment before it even starts. Less soft tissue injuries such as canker sores and more comfort during treatment of injuries caused by appliances [2,3].…”

“…The aligner plates are transparent acetate orthodontic appliances, used to harmonize the smile through the movement of the teeth. In addition to being completely transparent, and not affecting aesthetics, these plates can be removed so that the patient can have his meals free of any interference and discomfort [1,2].…”

“…A digital model is printed in 3D and over it, the plate is stamped with all the necessary activations so that the treatment can be performed with greater precision and comfort. An average of 20 pairs of plates are used throughout the entire treatment, which must be planned by a specialized orthodontist [1][2][3].…”