Orpheovirus IHUMI-LCC2: A New Virus among the Giant Viruses

Andréani, Julien; Khalil, Jacques Bou; Baptiste, Emeline; Hasni, Issam; Michelle, Caroline; Raoult, Didier; Levasseur, Anthony; Scola, Bernard La

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02643

Cited by 71 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…This resulted in the increase of our set of core genes by three: the transcription elongation Factor II-S (TFIIS), the genome packaging ATPase (pATPase), and the major capsid protein (MCP). Notably, no homolog of the MCP has been found in pandoraviruses 15 , whereas pATPases are apparently lacking in Pithovirus 14 , Cedratvirus 27 , and Orpheovirus 28 . Conservation of the NCLDV genes is further discussed in the Supplementary Information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of giant and large eukaryotic dsDNA viruses predated the origin of modern eukaryotes

Guglielmini

Woo

Krupovìč

et al. 2018

Preprint

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9Giant and large eukaryotic double-stranded DNA viruses from the Nucleo-Cytoplasmic 10Large DNA Virus (NCLDV) assemblage represent a remarkably diverse and potentially 11 ancient component of the eukaryotic virome. However, their origin(s), evolution and 12 potential roles in the emergence of modern eukaryotes remain a subject of intense 13 debate. Since the characterization of the mimivirus in 2003, many big and giant viruses 14 have been discovered at a steady pace, offering a vast material for evolutionary 15 investigations. In parallel, phylogenetic tools are constantly being improved, offering 16 more rigorous approaches for reconstruction of deep evolutionary history of viruses 17 and their hosts. Here we present robust phylogenetic trees of NCLDVs, based on the 8 18 most conserved proteins responsible for virion morphogenesis and informational 19 processes. Our results uncover the evolutionary relationships between different NCLDV 20 families and support the existence of two superclades of NCLDVs, each encompassing 21 several families. We present evidence strongly suggesting that the NCLDV core genes, 22which are involved in both informational processes and virion formation, were acquired 23 vertically from a common ancestor. Among them, the largest subunits of the DNA-24 dependent RNA polymerase were seemingly transferred from two clades of NCLDVs to 25 7 125The core markers share a similar phylogenetic signal 126Using a maximum-likelihood (ML) framework, the monophyly of all known 127 NCLDV families, except the Phycodnaviridae, was obtained with high support in most of 128 the 8 single-protein phylogenetic trees ( Supplementary Figure 1). As often observed in 129 published NCLDV phylogenies 26 , Ascoviridae were however nested within the 130Iridoviridae in most trees. The grouping of the Mimiviridae with related unclassified 131 viruses with smaller genomes often referred to as the "extended Mimiviridae" 21 or more 132 recently the "Mesomimivirinae" 29 , was obtained in five out of the 8 trees. We will refer 133 to this grouping as the "Megavirales" putative order (see Supplementary Information). 134 135The Poxviridae clade consistently formed a long branch and displayed the most 136 unstable position, branching next to various families (see Supplementary Information). 137

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification of giant and large eukaryotic dsDNA viruses predated the origin of modern eukaryotes

Guglielmini

Woo

Krupovìč

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although other giant viruses with a similar ovoid morphology have been described, including pithoviruses, cedratviruses or Orpheovirus (Legendre et al, 2014;Andreani et al, 2016Andreani et al, , 2018, pandoraviruses have the intriguing particularity to harbor no hints of a known capsid protein and, at the same time, the absence in virions of any structure similar to that of a known capsid (Philippe et al, 2013;Scheid, 2016;Aherfi et al, 2018;Legendre et al, 2018). In addition, no capsid-resembling protein was identified by proteomics in the P. salinus and P. massiliensis virions (Philippe et al, 2013;Aherfi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of a Cellulosic Layer in Pandoravirus massiliensis Tegument and the Mystery of the Genetic Support of Its Biosynthesis

et al. 2019

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“…Over the last fifteen years several viruses whose particles are large enough to be seen by light microscopy were discovered (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). These so-called "giant viruses" exhibit DNA genomes as large and complex as prokaryotes (21), or even parasitic eukaryotes (29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DNA Methylation Landscape of Giant Viruses

Jeudy

Rigou

Alempic

et al. 2019

Preprint

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DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that contributes to various regulations in all domains of life. Prokaryotes use it through Restriction-Modification (R-M) systems as a host-defense mechanism against viruses. The recently discovered giant viruses are widespread dsDNA viruses infecting eukaryotes with gene contents overlapping the cellular world. While they are predicted to encode DNA methyltransferases (MTases), virtually nothing is known about the DNA methylation status of their genomes. Using single-molecule real-time sequencing we studied the complete methylome of a large spectrum of families: the Marseilleviridae, the Pandoraviruses, the Molliviruses, the Mimiviridae along with their associated virophages and transpoviron, the Pithoviruses and the Cedratviruses (of which we report a new strain). Here we show that DNA methylation is widespread in giant viruses although unevenly distributed. We then identified the corresponding viral MTases, all of which are of bacterial origins and subject to intricate gene transfers between bacteria, viruses and their eukaryotic host. If some viral MTases undergo pseudogenization, most are conserved, functional and under purifying selection, suggesting that they increase the viruses' fitness. While the Marseilleviridae, Pithoviruses and Cedratviruses DNA MTases catalyze N 6 -methyl-adenine modifications, some MTases of Molliviruses and Pandoraviruses unexpectedly catalyze the formation of N 4 -methyl-cytosine modifications. In Marseilleviridae, encoded MTases are paired with cognate restriction endonucleases (REases) forming complete R-M systems. Our data suggest that giant viruses MTases could be involved in different kind of virus-virus interactions during coinfections.

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Orpheovirus IHUMI-LCC2: A New Virus among the Giant Viruses

Cited by 71 publications

References 58 publications

Diversification of giant and large eukaryotic dsDNA viruses predated the origin of modern eukaryotes

Diversification of giant and large eukaryotic dsDNA viruses predated the origin of modern eukaryotes

Evidence of a Cellulosic Layer in Pandoravirus massiliensis Tegument and the Mystery of the Genetic Support of Its Biosynthesis

The DNA Methylation Landscape of Giant Viruses

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