Oronasal challenge of fattening pigs after vaccination with an inactivated Aujeszky’s disease vaccine

Pensaert, Maurice; Vandeputte, J; Andries, Koen

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)32429-9

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In fact, it is beyond any doubt that the major factor is the number of injections rather than the used route. It has been shown that maternal immunity interferes markedly with the formation of active immunity upon vaccination until the age of at least 15 weeks (PENSAERT et al, 1982). In herd 11, in which the rearing conditions are satisfactory contributing to a low prevalence of chronic respiratory disorders ( W E C , 1987), there appears to be good relationship between the level of maternal immunity and the resistance to the challenge when the pigs are vaccinated once via the intramuscular route; in this case, relationship is not so clear when the pigs are vaccinated twice via the intradermal route, instead of the booster injection allowing better for overcoming the passive immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination of Pigs against Aujeszky's Disease by the Intradermal Route using Live Attenuated and Inactivated Virus Vaccines

Vannier

Cariolet

1989

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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A study was undertaken of the protection induced by inactivated and live Aujeszky's disease V~N S vaccines. The vaccines were administered using a special device which, without the use of a needle, delivered the preparation intradermally. The trials were performed on 88 pigs which were vaccinated at the beginning of the fattening period both in experimental conditions and in pig herds. All the pigs were challenged at the end of the fattening period in isolation units. The results obtained were compared with those obtained using the same vaccines injected intramuscularly. It was shown that vaccination via the intradermal route induced good protection in the vaccinated animals and was similar to that confered by live V~N S vaccine injected intramuscularly. The results, with the inactivated V~N S vaccine, were not so good when it was injected via the intradermal route. Studies with intradermal vaccination showed no local lesion or very small nodules strictly localized to the dermis. The results also confirmed that the effects of challenge exposure depended on the health S U N S of animals prior to infection and show the necessity to use a synthetic value (AG) to interpret the data and mainly to compare the results objectively. In fattening pigs this vaccination procedure is attractive because (i) less animal constraint is needed than would be for intramuscular injections, (ii) injection can be checked by the presence of a visible papula at the site of inoculation and, (iii) pigs can be vaccinated in the ham while they are feeding. Injection without a needle also contributes to avoiding bacterial contamination under practical farm conditions of vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination of Pigs against Aujeszky's Disease by the Intradermal Route using Live Attenuated and Inactivated Virus Vaccines

Vannier

Cariolet

1989

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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“…However, the protection level of antibodies vanishes much earlier, namely after 4 to 10 weeks, depending on the amount of antibodies transferred. These colostral antibodies inhibit the development of active immunity after vaccination (7,55,71,72,76,85,96). But the antibody blockade can be partially overcome by vaccination, when the antibody level has dropped to a low one.…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aujeszky's disease : factors important for epizootiology and control

Wittmann¹

1985

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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In Europe it is widespread and only a few countries are free from the disease. AD virus (ADV) is fairly resistant to heat and very stable at normal temperatures and in the cold. Its pH stability ranges from 5.0 to 12.0. The most efficient disinfectants are chemicals that liberate chlorine, and formaldehyde. NaOH is less effective. Lime is recommended for disinfection of slurry. Because of its pH and temperature stability, ADV is very resistant to natural environmental conditions. Pigs are the primary host of the virus, although a large number of other species can be infected naturally and experimentally. Infection chiefly takes place by nasal and/or oral routes. The virus can further be transmitted to the fetus, and by mating or by artificial insemination. The virus is not very contagious. Primary virus multiplication occurs in the naso-pharyngeal region and the respiratory tract. ADV enters the CNS by the neural pathway. The virus is disseminated within the body by lymphocytes and macrophages. The virus is mainly excreted by nasal and oral excretions, but it is also present in the ejaculate, vaginal secretion and milk. ADV infection evokes antibody production and cell-mediated immunity. The ADV genome persists in infected pigs in a latent state for life. It can be reactivated by stress, and virus excretion then occurs. Vaccination of pigs is successful in controlling clinical outbreaks. Inactivated and live vaccines are used, though the latter carry more risks. Vaccinated pigs are protected only against small quantities of the virus. With larger quantities, virus multiplication takes place and latent ADV infection is established. Vaccination of other animal species has given very contradictory results. AD is endemic in areas having a dense pig population and intensive, specialized farming management, which involves much movement of animals. Therefore the distribution of AD can differ within a country. From the epidemiological point of view, infected pigs are the main source of the spread of AD over large distances. ADV-infected breeding and artificial insemination centres are additional sources. For virus spread over short distances various sorts of vectors are involved. Air transmission is still controversial.

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