Orogenic float of the Venezuelan Andes

Monod, Bernard; Dhont, Damien; Hervouët, Yves

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2010.04.036

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In contrast, the second group considers an asymmetrical origin formed in response to continental subduction to either SE (Figure 2c) of the Maracaibo crust beneath the Guyana crust (Bermúdez et al, 2011;Figure 2. Schematic diagrams illustrating the diverse proposed models that summarize the deep structure interpretations in northwestern South America (modified from English & Johnston, 2004;Monod et al, 2010). Proposed models are classified based on a symmetrical or asymmetrical evolution.…”

Section: Asymmetrical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the plate‐scale architecture of this boundary has been imaged by regional passive seismology studies (Bezada et al, ; Levander et al, ; Masy et al, ; Niu et al, ; Van Decar et al, ; van der Hilst, ), the deeper crustal structure of the Mérida Andes and the foreland basins system has not been imaged so far by any active‐source deep seismic experiment. Furthermore, researchers have suggested two major conceptual models for the evolution of the area based on the hypothesis of symmetric or asymmetric shape of the main orogenic mountain belts and their associated fault systems, formed in response to different subduction polarities (Monod et al, ); these models will be discussed in detail in section .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithospheric Structure of Northwestern Venezuela From Wide‐Angle Seismic Data: Implications for the Understanding of Continental Margin Evolution

et al. 2019

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Northwestern Venezuela is located in the complex deformation zone between the Caribbean and South American plates. Several models regarding the lithospheric structure of the Mérida Andes have been proposed. Nevertheless, they lack relevant structural information in order to support the interpretation of deeper structures. Therefore, a 560‐km‐long refraction profile across the northern part of Mérida Andes, oriented in a NNW direction, covering areas from the Proterozoic basement in the south, to both Paleozoic and Meso‐Cenozoic terranes of northwestern Venezuela to the north, is analyzed in this contribution. Thirteen land shots were recorded by 545 short‐deployment seismometers, constraining P wave velocity models from first‐arrival seismic tomography and layer‐based inversion covering the whole crust in detail, with some hints to upper mantle structures. The most prominent features imaged are absence of a crustal root associated to the Mérida Andes, as the Northern Andes profile is located marginal to the Andean crustal domain, and low‐angle subduction of the Caribbean oceanic slab (~10–20°) beneath northwestern South America. Further crustal structures identified in the profile are (a) crustal thinning beneath the Falcón Basin along the western extension of the Oca‐Ancón fault system interpreted as a back‐arc basin; (b) suture zones between both the Proterozoic and Paleozoic provinces (Ouachita‐Marathon‐related suture?), and Paleozoic and Meso‐Cenozoic terranes (peri‐Caribbean suture) interpreted from lateral changes in seismic velocity; and (c) evidence of a deep Paleozoic(?) extensional basin, underlying thick Mesozoic and Cenozoic sequences (beneath the Guárico area).

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Section: Asymmetrical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithospheric Structure of Northwestern Venezuela From Wide‐Angle Seismic Data: Implications for the Understanding of Continental Margin Evolution

et al. 2019

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“…Contrasting interpretations on the deep fault structure beneath the Mérida Andes have led to different orogenic models (e.g. Colletta et al, 1997;Audemard and Audemard, 2002;Monod et al, 2010), although all models predict that most Cainozoic exhumation occurred in the centre of the massif, close to the Boconó Fault. The basement of the Mérida Andes consists of amphibolite facies metasedimentary gneisses, schists and phyllites, and orthogneisses of the Iglesias Complex (Fig.…”

Section: Mérida Andesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochronology and tectonics of the Mérida Andes and the Santander Massif, NW South America

Lelij

Spikings

Mora

2016

Lithos

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New apatite U-Pb and multiphase 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data constrain the high to medium temperature (~500°C-~300°C) thermal histories of igneous and metamorphic rocks exposed in the Mérida Andes of Venezuela, and new apatite and zircon fission track data constrain the ~500 °C-~60°C thermal histories of pre-Jurassic igneous and metamorphic rocks of the adjacent Santander Massif of Colombia. Computed thermal history envelopes using apatite U-Pb dates and grain size information from an Early Palaeozoic granodiorite in the Mérida Andes suggest that it cooled from >500°C to <350°C between ~266 Ma and ~225 Ma. Late Permian to Triassic cooling is also recorded in Early Palaeozoic granitoids and metasedimentary rocks in the Mérida Andes by numerous new muscovite and biotite 40 Ar/ 39 Ar plateau dates spanning 257.1±1.0 Ma to 205.1±0.8 Ma. This episode of cooling is not recognised in the Santander Massif, where 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data suggest that some Early Palaeozoic rocks cooled below ~320 °C in the Early Palaeozoic. However, most data from pre-Jurassic rocks reveal a regional heat pulse at ~200 Ma during the intrusion of numerous shallow granitoids, resulting in temperatures in excess of ~520°C, obscuring late Palaeozoic histories. The generally accepted timing of amalgamation of Pangaea along the Ouachita-Marathon suture pre-dates Late Permian to Triassic cooling recorded in basement rocks of the Mérida Andes by >30 Ma, and its effect on rocks preserved in northwestern South America is unknown. We interpret late Permian to Triassic cooling in the Mérida Andes to be driven by exhumation. Previous studies have suggested that a short phase of shortening and anatexis is recorded at ~253 Ma in the Maya Block, which may have been adjacent to the basement rocks of the Mérida Andes in the Late Permian. The coeval onset of exhumation in the Mérida Andes may be a result of increased coupling in the magmatic arc, which was located along the western margin of Pangaea. Triassic extension is

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“…The dextral fault must pass northwest of the Guyana Shield of northeastern South America and continue southwest across the northwestern corner of South America, which is composed of the northern Andean block (e.g., Cediel et al, 2003). The Andean block is mainly orogenic fl oat according to Monod et al (2010) that has been uplifted during post-Eocene north-directed shortening (Kellogg and Bonini, 1982).…”

Section: Insertion Of the Late Cretaceous Caribbean Large Igneous Promentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Caribbean plate and origin of the Gulf of Mexico in light of plate motions accommodated by strike-slip faulting

Lidiak¹,

Anderson²

Geological Society of America Special Papers

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Restoration of plate consumption recorded by Caribbean arc volcanism reveals probable plate movements that led to the emplacement of the proto-Caribbean plate into the present Caribbean region and provided the space necessary to accommodate the rotation of the Yucatán Peninsula concurrent with the opening of the Gulf of Mexico between ca. 170 Ma and 150 Ma. Fault movement of the Yucatán, caused by edge-driven processes, resulted in counterclockwise rotation, as shown by paleomagnetic studies. Restoration of Yucatán rotation necessitates the presence of a paleogeography different from the current distribution of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. During emplacement of the Caribbean plate region, four magmatic belts with distinct ages and different geochemical characteristics are recorded by exposures on islands of the Antilles. The belts distinguish the following segments of Cretaceous and Tertiary magmatic arcs: (1) an Early Cretaceous geochemically primitive islandarc tholeiite suite (PIA/IAT) typically containing distinctive dacite and rhyodacite that formed between Hauterivian and early Albian time (ca. 135-110 Ma); (2) after a hiatus at ca. 105 Ma of ~10 m.y., a voluminous, more-extensive calc-alkaline magmatic suite, consisting mainly of basaltic andesite, andesite, and locally important dacite, developed beginning in the Cenomanian and continuing into the Campanian (ca. 95-70 Ma); (3) a second (calc-alkaline) suite, spatially restricted relative to the older belts, that consists of volcanic and intrusive rocks, which formed between the early Paleocene and the middle Eocene (ca. 60-45 Ma); and (4) a currently active calc-alkaline suite in the Lesser Antilles typically composed of a basalt-andesitedacite series that began to develop in the Eocene (ca. 45 Ma). Plate convergence took place along northeastward-or eastward-trending axes during the formation of the Caribbean, which is outlined by the Antillean islands and Central and South America. Movements were facilitated by strike-slip faults, commonly trench-trench transforms, as subducting crust was consumed. Restoration of apparent displacements of at least several hundreds of thousands of kilometers along the inferred lateral faults of the Eocene and younger Cayman set separating Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, and the Oriente Province of southeastern Cuba brings together Eocene volcanic rocks revealing a magmatic domain along the paleo-south-southwestern Lidiak, E.G., and Anderson, T.H., Evolution of the Caribbean plate and origin of the Gulf of Mexico in light of plate motions accommodated by strike-slip faulting, in

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Orogenic float of the Venezuelan Andes

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

Lithospheric Structure of Northwestern Venezuela From Wide‐Angle Seismic Data: Implications for the Understanding of Continental Margin Evolution

Lithospheric Structure of Northwestern Venezuela From Wide‐Angle Seismic Data: Implications for the Understanding of Continental Margin Evolution

Thermochronology and tectonics of the Mérida Andes and the Santander Massif, NW South America

Evolution of the Caribbean plate and origin of the Gulf of Mexico in light of plate motions accommodated by strike-slip faulting

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