Orogastric determinants of drinking in rats: Interaction between absorptive and peripheral controls.

Hall, W. G.; Blass, Elliott M.

doi:10.1037/h0077325

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…However, studies examining water intake while the ingested fluid is confined to the stomach argue against gastric distention as an inhibitory signal for water consumption. That is, water deprived rats consume more water when the ingested fluid is confined to the stomach by a pyloric cuff than when it is allowed to enter the duodenum, suggesting that the distention that occurs as a consequence of gastric filling does not contribute to the satiation of deprivation-induced water intake (4, 12, 13). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-ingestive signals and satiation of water and sodium intake of male rats

Krause

Kloet

Sakai

2010

Physiology & Behavior

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This study investigated the role of post-ingestive signals in the satiation of thirst or salt appetite. Postingestive signals, defined as those arising from the passage of fluid into the duodenum and proximal jejunum, were manipulated by implanting rats with gastric fistulas. After recovery, rats were water deprived and the following day gastric fistulas were opened (sham-drinking) or closed (control). Deprivation-induced thirst significantly increased water intake with sham-drinking rats consuming four-fold more than controls after 120 min access. Subsequently, rats were given sodium deficient chow for 48 h and the next day were administered furosemide and urine was collected. Twenty-four hours later, gastric fistulas were manipulated and rats were given water and 0.5 M NaCl and intakes were measured. After 120 min of access, rats were sacrificed and plasma sodium (pNa) and plasmarenin-activity (PRA) were measured. Furosemide resulted in a loss of 2.2 mEq of sodium in urine and sham-drinking rats consumed significantly more water and 0.5 M NaCl when compared to controls. At 120 min sham-drinking rats consumed 7.5 mEq of sodium nearly twice that of controls but had significantly lower pNa and significantly increased PRA. Interestingly, the ratio of water to 0.5 M NaCl intake was similar in both groups, with each making a mixture of ≈ 0.25 M NaCl. The results suggest that post-ingestive signals are necessary for the satiation of thirst and salt appetite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-ingestive signals and satiation of water and sodium intake of male rats

Krause

Kloet

Sakai

2010

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Rats were the experimental subject in many of those earlier studies, most of which focused on the roles of gastric distension and systemic hydration in inhibiting water ingestion by dehydrated rats (6). For example, observations that water consumption increased when a closed pyloric cuff precluded gastric emptying (9,15) suggested that drinking was inhibited under normal conditions by gastric distension together with a signal related to the low osmolality or Na ϩ concentration of the fluid that entered the small intestine (4,19). But why do dehydrated rats stop drinking 0.15 M NaCl, when osmotic dilution cannot be a factor?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the next 16 days the bottle contained a NaCl solution. Specifically, each rat was given 0.05 M NaCl solution to drink on days 5-8, 0.10 M NaCl solution on days 9 -12, 0.15 M NaCl solution on days [13][14][15][16], and 0.20 M NaCl solution on days [17][18][19][20]. At the end of the 1-h sessions, food was returned to the cages, and the drinking fluid remained available until 5:00 PM, when the deprivation period began again.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of thirst when dehydrated rats drink water or saline

Hoffmann¹,

DenBleyker²,

Smith³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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The present experiments sought to identify the physiological signals that inhibit thirst when dehydrated rats drink water or NaCl solution. Rats were deprived of drinking fluid but not food overnight. When allowed to drink again, the dehydrated animals consumed water or saline (0.05 M, 0.10 M, 0.15 M, or 0.20 M NaCl solution) almost continuously for 5-8 min before stopping. The volumes consumed were similar regardless of which fluid they ingested, but blood analyses indicated that increased plasma osmolality and decreased plasma volume, or both, still remained when drinking terminated. These results suggest that the composition of the ingested fluid is less significant than its volume in providing an early signal that inhibits thirst and fluid consumption by dehydrated rats. Analyses of the gastrointestinal tracts revealed that the cumulative volume in the stomach and small intestine correlated highly with the amount consumed regardless of which fluid was ingested. These and other results suggest that the volume of fluid ingested by dehydrated rats is sensed by stretch receptors detecting distension of the stomach and small intestine, which provide an early inhibitory stimulus of thirst. dehydration; gastrointestinal distension; visceral osmoreceptors; water deprivation WATER DEPRIVATION ELICITS thirst and secretion of neurohypophyseal vasopressin (VP), the antidiuretic hormone, in rats and other animals (31). When dehydrated animals drink water, both responses are inhibited before systemic rehydration is evident. In dogs and human subjects, the early signal that inhibits thirst and VP secretion has been related to the volume of fluid consumed, apparently detected by oropharyngeal receptors that monitor the swallowing of liquids regardless of whether water, isotonic saline, or hypertonic saline solution is consumed (2,13,24,32). However, recent experiments indicate that early inhibition of VP secretion in rats is not mediated by oropharyngeal receptors (17, 29) because plasma VP levels (pVP) were not affected either when dehydrated rats ingested isotonic saline or when water was consumed but drained from the stomach through an open gastric fistula (29). In contrast, water ingested normally by thirsty rats initiated a rapid decline in pVP that began while systemic plasma Na ϩ concentrations (pNa) still were elevated (17, 29), suggesting that the inhibitory effect was not mediated by cerebral osmoreceptors but by a potent presystemic stimulus, related to the composition of ingested fluid, which might arise from osmoreceptors or Na ϩ receptors in the viscera (4, 19). Furthermore, the signal that terminated an initial bout of water consumption occurred a few minutes later, in association with a reduction of systemic pNa but continued plasma volume deficits (29). Because the intake of isotonic saline also ceased after similar volumes were consumed, without any associated change in pNa (29), these observations allow the hypothesis that thirst in rats is inhibited by signals related to the volume of ingested fluid rath...

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“…Additionally, to serve as an indication of the effectiveness of hypertonic saline preloads on cellular thirst, hypertonic, isotonic, and sham preloads were given to rats maintained on a water-deprivation schedule. Water-deprivation-induced drinking is thought to be primarily under the control of cellular thirst mechanisms (Hall & Blass, 1977). This allowed for a comparison of the effectiveness of hypertonic saline preloads on schedule-induced polydipsia with the effects of hypertonic saline preloads on a form of drinking known to be primarily under the influence of cellular controls, that is, water-deprivation-induced drinking.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Schedule-induced and water-deprivation-induced drinking in rats: Effects of hypertonic saline challenges to homeostatic thirst mechanisms

McDonough

Porter

1983

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Previous studies have produced conflicting results regarding whether or not schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) drinking is sensitive to homeostatic thirst mechanisms. Prior to SIP test sessions, 10 rats were given hypertonic saline (8.0% NaCI), isotonic saline, or sham intraperitoneal preloads. Rats preloaded with hypertonic saline drank significantly more water during SIP test sessions than those given isotonic saline or sham preloads. A second group of 9 rats on a 2S.5-h water-deprivation schedule was given the same three injection test conditions prior to SO-min water-access periods. Water-deprived rats given preloads of hypertonic saline drank significantly more water than they did when given preloads of isotonic saline, but not significantly more than when given sham preloads. The present results support the contention that scheduleinduced polydipsia is a nonhomeostatic form of drinking that nevertheless may be sensitive to the state of homeostatic thirst mechanisms (Le., cellular dehydration).

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Orogastric determinants of drinking in rats: Interaction between absorptive and peripheral controls.

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Post-ingestive signals and satiation of water and sodium intake of male rats

Post-ingestive signals and satiation of water and sodium intake of male rats

Inhibition of thirst when dehydrated rats drink water or saline

Schedule-induced and water-deprivation-induced drinking in rats: Effects of hypertonic saline challenges to homeostatic thirst mechanisms

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