Orofacial Pain During Rest and Chewing in Dementia Patients Admitted to Acute Hospital Wards: Validity Testing of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals

Rijt, Liza J M van de; Weijenberg, R.A.F.; Feast, Alexandra; Delwel, Suzanne; Vickerstaff, Victoria; Lobbezoo, Frank; Sampson, Elizabeth L

doi:10.11607/ofph.2136

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…They however suggested to develop a tool for informal caregivers and oral health care professionals to assess oral pain in people with dementia, which will help improve detection of oral pain and discomfort. Instruments such as the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) 31 and the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non‐Verbal Individuals (OPS‐NVI) 32,33 could be effective tools for health care professionals to that end. Further research is needed to assess whether these tools could also be used by informal caregivers 34 (and thereby giving them a more active role in the oral health care) to indicate when a visit to an oral health care professional is needed, 34 and to facilitate clearer communication with oral health care professionals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health care services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia: A scoping review

Maarel‐Wierink

Vries

et al. 2022

Gerodontology

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ObjectiveTo assess whether, and if so, which oral health care services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia are available.BackgroundOral health in people with dementia is poor compared with people without dementia. Although multiple oral health care interventions have previously been studied for older people living in nursing homes, little is known about interventions or services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia.Materials and methodsA literature search was performed in the databases Pubmed, Embase and CINAHL. The following search terms were used: “Dementia”, “Oral health”, “Dental health services” and “Older person”. The term “dental health services” was intended to be an as broad as possible construct because limited search results were expected.ResultsThe search generated 1624 unique references, of which seven studies were eligible for inclusion (four cohort studies, one cross‐sectional study, and two qualitative studies). The included studies described two actual oral health care services: a telephone help line on oral health and dementia, and a mobile geriatric dental programme in adult day health centres. A need was found for services and strategies specific to community‐dwelling older people with dementia. One identified solution was an intervention with individually tailored daily oral hygiene self‐care supported by the informal caregiver. Furthermore, increasing accessibility of oral health care professionals with treatment at other locations than their own practices, better collaboration between health care professionals and preventive oral health care are highly necessary.ConclusionThere is limited evidence on the availability of oral health care services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia, while a need was found for oral health care services that focus on good accessibility, oral hygiene self‐care, preventive strategies and collaboration among health care professionals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral health care services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia: A scoping review

Maarel‐Wierink

Vries

et al. 2022

Gerodontology

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“…For example, the study carried out by de Vries et al included 237 video clips of Dutch nursing home residents suffering from dementia during their meals [ 15 ]. The Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) [ 6 , 7 ] was used to assess the potential presence and intensity of orofacial pain experienced by the residents while eating. De Vries et al (2016) found a good intra- and inter-observer reliability for the “chewing” subscale [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such cases, healthcare providers have to rely on observations and intuition to assess when more or different care is needed [ 5 ]. In order to support healthcare providers, several observational pain measurement tools, such as the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) [ 6 , 7 ] and the Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition tool (PAIC15) [ 8 ] were developed to identify pain in cognitively impaired individuals. The PAIC15 is composed of three widely accepted categories of non-verbal pain responses, namely five items on facial expressions, five items on body movements, and five items on vocalisations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faces of Pain during Dental Procedures: Reliability of Scoring Facial Expressions in Print Art

et al. 2021

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Background: Observational tools have been developed to assess pain in cognitively impaired individuals. It is not known, however, whether these tools are universal enough so that even pain depicted in print art can be assessed reliably. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the reliability in scoring facial expressions of pain in dental print art from the 17th, 18th, and 19th century, using a Short Form of the 15-item Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition (PAIC15-SF) tool. Methods: Seventeen prints of patients undergoing dental procedures were scored twice by two inexperienced observers and an expert and once by a Gold Standard observer. Results: All observers achieved high intra-observer reliability for all four items of the category “facial expressions” and for three items of the category “body movements” (ICC: 0.748–0.991). The remaining two items of the category “body movements”, viz., “rubbing” and “restlessness”, were excluded from further research because it was not possible to calculate a reliable ICC. Overall, the intra-observer reliability of the expert was higher than that of the inexperienced observers. The inter-observer reliability scores varied from poor to excellent (ICC: 0.000–0.970). In comparison to the Gold Standard, the inter-observer reliability of the expert was higher than that of the inexperienced observers. Conclusion: The PAIC15-SF tool is universal enough even to allow reliable assessment of facial expressions of pain depicted in dental print art.

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Prevalence and associations of orofacial pain and oral health factors in nursing home residents with and without dementia

et al. 2019

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Objectives determine and compare the prevalence of orofacial pain in older nursing home residents with and without dementia and explore the association between orofacial pain and health factors. Methods cross-sectional study conducted in four UK nursing homes. We used the Orofacial-Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) to identify orofacial pain in residents with dementia. Residents who were able to communicate self-reported orofacial pain. A brief oral examination was conducted. Information on demographics, Clinical Dementia Rating, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Barthel Index, 5-level Euroqol 5 Dimension, Oral Health Impact Profile 14, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form and medication was collected. Chi-squared tests, independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare outcomes between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of orofacial pain. Results orofacial pain, assessed with the OPS-NVI, was present in 48.8% (95% confidence interval [C.I.] 36.1–50.7) of residents with dementia. Self-reported orofacial pain was present in 37.8% (95% C.I. 20.4–53.7) of residents with dementia and in 14.8% (95% C.I. 0.5–30.4) residents without dementia. Orofacial pain was significantly more prevalent in residents with dementia than those without (OPS-NVI; P = 0.002, self-report; P = 0.04). Having a soft diet, xerostomia, being dentate, and poor oral hygiene in dentate residents were significant predictors of orofacial pain in residents with dementia. Conclusion orofacial pain was more prevalent in residents with dementia. Oral health care should be part of routine care for residents, especially for those with dementia, to improve oral health and decrease the risk of developing orofacial pain.

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Orofacial Pain During Rest and Chewing in Dementia Patients Admitted to Acute Hospital Wards: Validity Testing of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Oral health care services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia: A scoping review

Oral health care services for community‐dwelling older people with dementia: A scoping review

Faces of Pain during Dental Procedures: Reliability of Scoring Facial Expressions in Print Art

Prevalence and associations of orofacial pain and oral health factors in nursing home residents with and without dementia

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