Origins of specificity during tDCS: anatomical, activity-selective, and input-bias mechanisms

Bikson, Marom; Rahman, Asif

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00688

Cited by 332 publications

(300 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Thus the technique carries promise in being able to evaluate the effects of up-/down-regulating the neuronal excitability of certain brain regions on cognitive functions. However, in general, it should be noted that the exact brain regions affected by tDCS cannot be precisely delineated (Bikson, Name, & Rahman, 2013;Polanía, Nitsche, & Paulus, 2011), and also that the effect sizes are often relatively small in these studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A network approach for modulating memory processes via direct and indirect brain stimulation: Toward a causal approach for the neural basis of memory

Kim¹,

Ekstrom

Tandon³

2016

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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A network approach for modulating memory processes via direct and indirect brain stimulation: Toward a causal approach for the neural basis of memory This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. that disrupting frontal or parietal regions also impairs memory performance, suggesting that these regions also play necessary roles in declarative memory. On the other hand, a handful of both invasive and non-invasive studies have also suggested modest improvements in memory performance following stimulation. These studies typically target brain regions connected to the hippocampus or other memory "hubs," which may affect endogenous activity in connected areas like the hippocampus, suggesting that to augment declarative memory, altering the broader endogenous memory network activity is critical. Together, studies reporting memory improvements / impairments are consistent with the idea that a network of distinct brain "hubs" may be crucial for successful memory encoding and retrieval rather than a single primary hub such as the hippocampus. Thus, it is important to consider neurostimulation from the network perspective, rather than from a purely localizationalist viewpoint. We conclude by proposing a novel approach to neurostimulation for declarative memory modulation that aims to facilitate interactions between multiple brain "nodes" underlying memory rather than considering individual brain regions in isolation.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A network approach for modulating memory processes via direct and indirect brain stimulation: Toward a causal approach for the neural basis of memory

Kim¹,

Ekstrom

Tandon³

2016

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…NEBS electrode size or montage may impact cortical areas adjacent to the region of interest, resulting in limited focality of the stimulation itself 45,46 . Smaller electrode sizes (emitting electrode in case of tDCS) may limit the widespread and exert more focal effects onto M1, as suggested by modeling studies or software tools; similarly, less distance between electrodes may condense the electrical field 46,47 .…”

Section: Common To Anodal Tdcs and Trnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Common To Anodal Tdcs and Trnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smaller electrode sizes (emitting electrode in case of tDCS) may limit the widespread and exert more focal effects onto M1, as suggested by modeling studies or software tools; similarly, less distance between electrodes may condense the electrical field 46,47 . However, the functional focality obtained by task specific activation of particular synapses 11 or networks that are augmented by combining task/training with stimulation could be more crucial 46 : on one hand, functional imaging studies revealed different network changes after unilateral versus bilateral M1 tDCS, or tDCS versus tRNS, respectively 14,15 . On the other hand, the net effect of anodal tDCS and tRNS on motor behavior, e.g., learning, seems to be similar: Based on the few investigations with direct comparisons of stimulation type/montage, one could argue for positive effects on motor function as long as M1 contralateral to the tested hand is targeted by NEBS (in case of tDCS with anodal stimulation [4][5][6] ).…”

Section: Common To Anodal Tdcs and Trnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Curado

Fritsch

Reis

2016

JoVE

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Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation (NEBS) is used to modulate brain function and behavior, both for research and clinical purposes. In particular, NEBS can be applied transcranially either as direct current stimulation (tDCS) or alternating current stimulation (tACS). These stimulation types exert time-, dose-and in the case of tDCS polarity-specific effects on motor function and skill learning in healthy subjects. Lately, tDCS has been used to augment the therapy of motor disabilities in patients with stroke or movement disorders. This article provides a step-by-step protocol for targeting the primary motor cortex with tDCS and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), a specific form of tACS using an electrical current applied randomly within a pre-defined frequency range. The setup of two different stimulation montages is explained. In both montages the emitting electrode (the anode for tDCS) is placed on the primary motor cortex of interest. For unilateral motor cortex stimulation the receiving electrode is placed on the contralateral forehead while for bilateral motor cortex stimulation the receiving electrode is placed on the opposite primary motor cortex. The advantages and disadvantages of each montage for the modulation of cortical excitability and motor function including learning are discussed, as well as safety, tolerability and blinding aspects. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…Nevertheless, the specificity of tDCS implies application-specific customization of protocols to maximize desired outcomes and minimize undesired effects. An important issue is that given the simplicity of tDCS and the complexity of brain function, understanding the mechanisms leading to specificity is fundamental to the advancement of tDCS 17 . Moreover, previous studies of our research group using rats have confirmed the immediate and long-lasting effects of repeated tDCS treatment on chronic pain inflammation 18 and hyperalgesia induced by chronic restraint stress models 19 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different procedure involved in the Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) technique experimental application

Adachi¹,

Oliveira²,

Vercelino³

et al. 2017

Clin. Biomed. Res.

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Introduction: The transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive technique, which induces neuroplastic changes in the central nervous system of animals and humans. Furthermore, tDCS has been suggested as a therapeutic tool for pain management. The aim of this study was to standardize a non-invasive tDCS technique indexed by the nociceptive response of rats submitted to different conditions necessary to the tDCS application.

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Origins of specificity during tDCS: anatomical, activity-selective, and input-bias mechanisms

Cited by 332 publications

References 68 publications

A network approach for modulating memory processes via direct and indirect brain stimulation: Toward a causal approach for the neural basis of memory

A network approach for modulating memory processes via direct and indirect brain stimulation: Toward a causal approach for the neural basis of memory

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Evaluation of different procedure involved in the Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) technique experimental application

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