Origins of Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic variations in single scheelite grains from Archaean gold deposits, Western Australia

Brugger, Joël; Maas, Roland; Lahaye, Yann; McRae, Colin; Ghaderi, Majid; Costa, Sylvie; Lambert, David D; Bateman, Roger; Prince, Kathryn

doi:10.1016/s0009-2541(01)00290-x

Cited by 86 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A plot of the logarithm of the partition coefficient versus the ionic radius of the REE produces a smooth parabolic curve, the maximum of which indicates the theoretical preferred ionic radius for the REE in the mineral of interest (lattice strain model of Blundy et al, 1996). Extreme fractionation from convex upwards to convex downward patterns can be obtained via closed system precipitation of a mineral favoring MREE (Brugger et al, 2000(Brugger et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Crystallographic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the situation is different for coupled substitutions, as is the case for the substitution of REE 3+ for Ca 2+ . Generally, charge balance will be maintained via substitution of a monovalent ion; Na + is the most abundant monovalent ion in most crustal fluids, so that the following coupled substitution likely accounts for the incorporation of Eu 3+ in many hydrothermal minerals (Brugger et al, 2002) ] (Wagner and Schottky, 1930), we obtain from the definition of the partition coefficient in Eq. (8) …”

Section: Ca 2þmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal transport, deposition, and fractionation of the REE: Experimental data and thermodynamic calculations

et al. 2016

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For many years, our understanding of the behavior of the REE in hydrothermal systems was based on semiempirical estimates involving extrapolation of thermodynamic data obtained at 25°C (Haas et al., 1995;Wood, 1990a). Since then, a substantial body of experimental data has accumulated on the stability of aqueous complexes of the REE. These data have shown that some of the predictions of Haas et al. (1995) are accurate, but others may be in error by several orders of magnitude. However, application of the data in modeling hydrothermal transport and deposition of the REE has been severely hampered by the lack of data on the thermodynamic properties of even the most common REE minerals. The discrepancies between the predictions of Haas et al. (1995) and experimental determinations of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous REE species, together with the paucity of data on the stability of REE minerals, raise serious questions about the reliability of some models that have been proposed for the hydrothermal mobility of these critical metals. In this contribution, we review a body of high-temperature experimental data collected over the past 15 years on the stability of REE aqueous species and minerals. Using this new thermodynamic dataset, we re-evaluate the mechanisms responsible for hydrothermal transport and deposition of the REE. We also discuss the mechanisms that can result in REE fractionation during their hydrothermal transport and deposition. Our calculations suggest that in hydrothermal solutions, the main REE transporting ligands are chloride and sulfate, whereas fluoride, carbonate, and phosphate likely play an important role as depositional ligands. In addition to crystallographic fractionation, which is based on the differing affinity of mineral structures for the REE, our models suggest that the REE can be fractionated hydrothermally due to the differences in the stability of the LREE and HREE as aqueous chloride complexes.

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Section: Crystallographic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ca 2þmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal transport, deposition, and fractionation of the REE: Experimental data and thermodynamic calculations

et al. 2016

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“…The Sm-Nd age represents the formation age of the scheelite and can indicate that the W, Sn and Be mineralization at Xuebaoding took place in the Early Yanshanian. The Sm-Nd dating result is important for the study of the multi-metal resources in western Sichuan Province.scheelites, REE, Sm-Nd isotope dating, Xuebaoding deposit, Sichuan Province Since Fryer et al used the Sm-Nd isotope method to date the age of hydrothermal deposits [1] , this geochronometer has been used to date metallic deposits using a few hydrothermal minerals such as fluorite, wolframite, tourmaline and calcite [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . Scheelite is one of the Cabearing minerals and rare earth elements (REE) are incorporated into the Ca 2+ structural sites of the scheelite crystal structure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scheelites can be dated to determine the age of mineralization of ore deposits using the SmNd isotope method. Since the late 1980s, geoscientists have studied the Sm-Nd isotope systematics of scheelites from some famous gold deposits to constrain their ages, especially in the Archaean-Early Proterozoic greenstone belt type gold deposits [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . However, there are almost no studies on the REE patterns and Sm-Nd geochronology of scheelites from the non-gold deposits.…”

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confidence: 99%

REE composition in scheelite and scheelite Sm-Nd dating for the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit in Sichuan

Liu

Deng

et al. 2007

CHINESE SCI BULL

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The scheelite with large size and euhedral shape from Xuebaoding, Sichuan Province is an ideal mineral to study REE patterns and Sm-Nd dating of non-gold deposits. The scheelite has diameters of 1-10 cm and colors of pale beige to deep orange. Most of these scheelites occur in association with beryl, cassiterite and muscovite. The rare earth elements indicate that scheelite samples from Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposits contain high concentrations of rare earth elements with total ΣREE+Y contents in the range of 369-1725 μg·g −1 and nearly all of these scheelite samples are enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and have negative Eu anomalies. The REE patterns of the scheelites are similar to those of A-type granite with obvious tetrad effect, similar to that of type II scheelites. Based on reported fluid inclusion studies, the mineralizing-fluid of the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit indicates low Na activity. The REE patterns of the scheelite are probably controlled by partition coefficient in hydrothermal fluid. In the 147 Sm/ 144 Nd-143 Nd/ 144 Nd diagram, the scheelites show a linear array corresponding to an isochron age of 182.0±9.2 Ma (MSWD = 0.52). The Sm-Nd age represents the formation age of the scheelite and can indicate that the W, Sn and Be mineralization at Xuebaoding took place in the Early Yanshanian. The Sm-Nd dating result is important for the study of the multi-metal resources in western Sichuan Province.scheelites, REE, Sm-Nd isotope dating, Xuebaoding deposit, Sichuan Province Since Fryer et al. used the Sm-Nd isotope method to date the age of hydrothermal deposits [1] , this geochronometer has been used to date metallic deposits using a few hydrothermal minerals such as fluorite, wolframite, tourmaline and calcite [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . Scheelite is one of the Cabearing minerals and rare earth elements (REE) are incorporated into the Ca 2+ structural sites of the scheelite crystal structure. Scheelites can be dated to determine the age of mineralization of ore deposits using the SmNd isotope method. Since the late 1980s, geoscientists have studied the Sm-Nd isotope systematics of scheelites from some famous gold deposits to constrain their ages, especially in the Archaean-Early Proterozoic greenstone belt type gold deposits [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . However, there are almost no studies on the REE patterns and Sm-Nd geochronology of scheelites from the non-gold deposits.Fortunately, scheelite with large size and euhedral shape from Xuebaoding, Sichuan Province is an ideal mineral for the Sm-Nd geochronometry of non-golden deposits.The Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit in Sichuan Province is different from other W-bearing deposits in that most W-bearing deposits are exploited mainly for tungsten or gold. The Xuebaoding deposit is very famous for scheelite, cassiterite, beryl, fluorite, muscovite, apatite, kesterite, quartz and feldspar. As a result, the deposit has been highly recognized in the world due to its large, euhedral, and colorful crystals. Up to now, much attention h...

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“…The wide distribution of scheelite in Au-bearing systems and its close association with deposition of gold make it an excellent candidate as a tracer of the composition of the Au-bearing fl uids and Au-deposition processes (Uspensky et al 1998, Brugger et al 2000a. Scheelite also is useful for dating ore deposition by means of the radioactive decay of 147 Sm to 143 Nd (half life 106 Ga; e.g., Anglin et al 1996, Brugger et al 2002, Eichhorn et al 1997, Ghaderi et al 1999.…”

Section: Sommairementioning

confidence: 99%

The Oxidation State of Europium in Hydrothermal Scheelite: In Situ Measurement by Xanes Spectroscopy

Brugger

Chu

Harland

et al. 2006

The Canadian Mineralogist

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X-ray microfl uorescence and EuL 3 micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy were conducted to determine the distribution and valence state of europium in two samples of scheelite (CaWO 4 ) containing between 40 and 350 ppm Eu. The samples come from hydrothermal gold deposits: the Archean Drysdale deposit in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia (DRY1) and the Caledonian, intrusion-related Stepnyak deposit in Kazakhstan (USP31). Laser-ablation ICP-MS analyses reveal that both samples are characterized by bell-shape chondrite-normalized REE patterns with a maximum enrichment around Eu, and a small positive or no Eu anomaly. USP31 displays a complex zoning between this pattern and a strongly LREE-enriched pattern with a strong positive Eu-anomaly. The XANES spectroscopy reveals the coexistence of Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ in both scheelite samples DRY1 and USP31. The oxidation of Eu in USP31 appears to be inhomogeneous within a single crystal, with zones containing a mixture of Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ and zones containing more than 90% Eu 2+ . This study shows that it is possible to obtain semiquantitative element-distribution maps for LREE as well as, in optimal conditions, EuL 3 XANES spectra on a bending magnet beamline equipped with a solid-state detector.

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Origins of Nd–Sr–Pb isotopic variations in single scheelite grains from Archaean gold deposits, Western Australia

Cited by 86 publications

References 51 publications

Hydrothermal transport, deposition, and fractionation of the REE: Experimental data and thermodynamic calculations

Hydrothermal transport, deposition, and fractionation of the REE: Experimental data and thermodynamic calculations

REE composition in scheelite and scheelite Sm-Nd dating for the Xuebaoding W-Sn-Be deposit in Sichuan

The Oxidation State of Europium in Hydrothermal Scheelite: In Situ Measurement by Xanes Spectroscopy

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