Origins of concentration gradients for diffusiophoresis

Velegol, Darrell; Garg, Astha; Guha, Rajarshi; Kar, Abhijit; Kumar, Manish

doi:10.1039/c6sm00052e

Cited by 269 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…105,106 From this point of view, it is reasonable to believe that the pressure dissolution should take place in the particle ensembles, since the particle-particle contacts becomes more prevalent under applied pressure, especially in the materials with limited or negligible solubility, in which intergranular interfaces are widely preserved. 113,114 Diffusiophoresis describes the transport of colloidal particles driven by a chemical concentration gradient of solute, and it does so by producing a slip velocity at the solid-liquid interface to drive colloids migrating through fluids. 109,110 The Marangoni effect was first realized in the phenomenon of "tears of wine" in 1855.…”

Section: November 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Second is Marangoni flow at the liquid-liquid interface. 114 Generally, there are two types of diffusiophoresis: electrophoresis, involving with electrolyte systems, and chemiphoresis, in nonelectrolyte systems. 111 From the fluid flow perspective, it describes a mass transport along the liquid-liquid interface due to a surface tension gradient between them; this surface tension gradient can arise from a gradient of chemical concentration or a gradient of temperature.…”

Section: November 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cold Sintering Process: A Novel Technique for Low‐Temperature Ceramic Processing of Ferroelectrics

et al. 2016

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Research on sintering of dense ceramic materials has been very active in the past decades and still keeps gaining in popularity. Although a number of new techniques have been developed, the sintering process is still performed at high temperatures. Very recently we established a novel protocol, the “Cold Sintering Process (CSP)”, to achieve dense ceramic solids at extraordinarily low temperatures of <300°C. A wide variety of chemistries and composites were successfully densified using this technique. In this article, a comprehensive CSP tutorial will be delivered by employing three classic ferroelectric materials (KH2PO4, NaNO2, and BaTiO3) as examples. Together with detailed experimental demonstrations, fundamental mechanisms, as well as the underlying physics from a thermodynamics perspective, are collaboratively outlined. Such an impactful technique opens up a new way for cost‐effective and energy‐saving ceramic processing. We hope that this article will provide a promising route to guide future studies on ultralow temperature ceramic sintering or ceramic materials related integration.

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Section: November 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: November 2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Sintering Process: A Novel Technique for Low‐Temperature Ceramic Processing of Ferroelectrics

et al. 2016

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“…One less known but significant driving force is a chemical gradient, which causes diffusiophoresis11. Typically, diffusiophoresis is observed in liquid environments where chemical gradients are generated by contact between solutions with different solute concentrations12131415.…”

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confidence: 99%

Membraneless water filtration using CO2

et al. 2017

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Water purification technologies such as microfiltration/ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis utilize porous membranes to remove suspended particles and solutes. These membranes, however, cause many drawbacks such as a high pumping cost and a need for periodic replacement due to fouling. Here we show an alternative membraneless method for separating suspended particles by exposing the colloidal suspension to CO2. Dissolution of CO2 into the suspension creates solute gradients that drive phoretic motion of particles. Due to the large diffusion potential generated by the dissociation of carbonic acid, colloidal particles move either away from or towards the gas–liquid interface depending on their surface charge. Using the directed motion of particles induced by exposure to CO2, we demonstrate a scalable, continuous flow, membraneless particle filtration process that exhibits low energy consumption, three orders of magnitude lower than conventional microfiltration/ultrafiltration processes, and is essentially free from fouling.

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“…The addition of ions to the system alters the equilibrium state, but the interaction between the dissolving solute molecules and the ions can also lead to a diffusiophoresis-like process 28 occurring in the system, causing the development of a transient voltage during the dissolution process. The dissolution of the solute creates an activity gradient in in the solute species.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Non-Electroneutral Model for Complex Reaction-Diffusion Systems Incorporating Species Interactions

Minton

Purkayastha

Lue³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this study we develop a general framework for describing reaction-diffusion processes in a multi-component electrolyte in which multiple reactions of different types may occur. Our motivation for this is the need to understand how the interactions between species and processes occurring in a complex electrochemical system. We use the framework to develop a modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck model which accounts for the excluded volume interaction (EVI) and incorporates both electrochemical and chemical reactions. Using this model, we investigate how the EVI influences the reactions and how the reactions influence each other in the contexts of the equilibrium state of a system and of a simple electrochemical device under load. Complex behavior quickly emerges even in relatively simple systems, and deviations from the predictions of ideal solution theory, together with how they may influence the behavior of more complex system, are discussed. Electrochemical energy storage devices play a crucial role in the modern world, having enabled the development of a wide range of portable and mobile devices in a vast range of applications. They also have significant future potential in facilitating a shift away from environmentally damaging fossil fuels as our primary source of energy, through the electrification of transport and as load balancing for the variability suffered by most forms of renewable energy. However, modeling these systems can be challenging because the overall behavior is typically the emergent result of a large number of processes and interactions at the microscopic scale, making linking the microscopic behavior to the macroscopic performance complicated. Furthermore, individual processes may themselves be complex, so simplifications have to be made if we wish to understand the device behavior at macroscopic length and time-scales.By way of example, the particular system in which we are interested is that of a lithium-sulfur (LiS) cell, a promising post-lithium-ion technology with both an expected practical energy density of 500-600 Wh kg −1 and a lower raw materials cost. 1,2 The overall discharge process of a LiS cell involves the reduction of solid phase S 8 to solid phase Li 2 S, according to the reactionWhile the overall process is bound by the dissolution of S 8 and the precipitation of Li 2 S, the intermediate steps occur between species in the solvent/electrolyte phase, involving the electrodissolution of lithium from the anode and a range of electrochemical and chemical reactions involving a number of ionic sulfur species at the cathode. While these types of process are not uncommon in traditional (i.e. non-intercalation) battery chemistries, the sheer number of species and intermediate elementary reaction steps involved, together with the integral role played by chemical reaction processes, make understanding the LiS mechanism complex. 3The common approach to modeling LiS cells is similar to that taken for many electrochemical devices, with the reduction of the cell structure to a one-dimension...

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Origins of concentration gradients for diffusiophoresis

Cited by 269 publications

References 119 publications

Cold Sintering Process: A Novel Technique for Low‐Temperature Ceramic Processing of Ferroelectrics

Cold Sintering Process: A Novel Technique for Low‐Temperature Ceramic Processing of Ferroelectrics

Membraneless water filtration using CO2

A Non-Electroneutral Model for Complex Reaction-Diffusion Systems Incorporating Species Interactions

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