Origins and significance of the increased plasma alkaline phosphatase during normal pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia

Adeniyi, F. A. A.; Olatunbosun, D. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1984.tb03697.x

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Dempsey et al [15] reported PALP activity in connective tissue stroma of preeclamptic placentae. However the findings in the present study differ from previous workers like Sammak et al, Boronkai et al and Francis et al [17,20,21] who observed decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in preeclamptic placentae as compared to control placentae.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Serum alkaline phosphatase in pregnancy is mainly of placental origin. [5,21,23,24] Placental alkaline phosphatase activity is localized to the external surface of syncytial villi and are in close relation with maternal circulation. This suggests that the enzyme is released from the trophoblast and major proportion of it enters the maternal blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histochemistry of placental alkaline phosphatase in preeclampsia

Shevade

Arole

Paranjape

et al. 2016

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

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Objectives: Placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP) is synthesized in placenta and increases with gestational age. Alkaline phosphatase supports pregnancy and could play an essential role in nutrient supply and growth of the fetus. Preeclampsia is a systemic disorder which affects 5 to 7 percent of women worldwide and is a major cause for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. As it has a major role in fetal growth, nutrition and defense mechanism study of alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity becomes essential. Methods: 50 normal and 50 preeclamptic placentae were collected immediately after delivery from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Placentae were obtained from known preeclamptic consenting cases who had no history of hypertension before pregnancy or during first 20 weeks of gestation, who had consistently recorded systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 140 / 90 mm of Hg or above and proteinuria ≥ 300mg / 24 hrs. Alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated by using modified Gomori's method. Results: Intensity of PALP localization was stronger in preeclamptic placentae as compared to normotensive placentae. Conclusion: Placental ischemia is evident in preeclampsia. Uteroplacental insufficiency leads to increased syncytial damage in preeclamptic placentae which may lead to abnormally high PALP activity and consequent increase in serum alkaline phosphatase.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemistry of placental alkaline phosphatase in preeclampsia

Shevade

Arole

Paranjape

et al. 2016

Int J of Biomed & Adv Res

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“…Towards term, however, the activity slightly decreases. These findings was similarly reported by Okesina et al, [11] in Ilorin, Afonja et al, [12] and Adeniyi and Olatunbosun [13] in Lagos.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Pattern of serum total alkaline phosphatase activity in different stages of normal third trimester pregnancy in Zaria, Northern Nigeria

Aliyu¹,

Randawa²,

Isah³

et al. 2013

Ann Nigerian Med

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A B S T R A C TBackground: There are reports from many parts of the world on the increased activity of serum total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) in pregnant women, especially during the last half of pregnancy. There is no such documented fi nding in this environment. There is the need to determine the serum TALP activity in different stages of normal 3 rd trimester pregnancy in Zaria to allow for proper interpretation of this analyte at this stage of pregnancy. Subjects and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study carried out among 100 healthy pregnant women in their 3 rd trimester. They were randomly selected from the antenatal clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria. Serum TALP activity was measured using the 4-Nitrophenylphosphate (4-NPP) method. Sociodemographic and obstetrics characteristics were obtained using an administered questionnaire. Microsoft Excel (Microsoft offi ce, 2003) was used for data analysis. Distributions of ALP activities were found to be skewed; hence, non-parametric analyses using percentiles were used in measuring the variation. A P-value of equal to or less than 0.05 (P ≤ 0.05) was considered as statistically signifi cant. Results: The serum TALP activity in normal 3 rd trimester pregnancy was found to be higher when compared to the normal population, with a gradual increase with advancing gestational age. Subjects in the gestational age group of 28 to 30 weeks had a serum TALP activity of 46-138 IU/L, with a continuous increase of up to 213 IU/L at 39 weeks of gestation. A sudden drop in activity was observed at the gestational age of 40 weeks and above. The overall serum TALP activity in normal 3 rd trimester pregnancy was found to be 41-206 IU/L. Conclusion: A higher serum TALP activity for normal 3 rd trimester pregnancy was confi rmed for this environment, as has been found elsewhere. There is the need to interpret serum TALP activity in pregnancy with caution.

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“…Therefore, as well as MV associated endoglin, cleaved placental surface endoglin may also add to the increase in circulating levels associated with PE [42]. The mechanism of release of the GPI anchored PLAP is poorly understood and reports of circulating PLAP levels in PE variable [43], [44]. We however have shown a consistent decrease in PLAP expression on PE placenta derived STBM by flow cytometry and WB suggesting that PLAP is not an appropriate marker for the detection of circulating STBM in PE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Syncytiotrophoblast Vesicles in Normal Pregnancy and Pre-Eclampsia: Expression of Flt-1 and Endoglin

et al. 2013

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BackgroundThe placental syncytiotrophoblast releases micro and nanovesicles (STBM), into the maternal circulation in normal pregnancy and in increased amounts in pre-eclampsia (PE), which have proinflammatory and antiangiogenic activity and are implicated in PE pathophysiology. Better characterisation of STBM is essential to understand their role in PE.Methods and ResultsSTBM prepared by placental lobe dual perfusion (pSTBM) and mechanical disruption (mSTBM) were analysed by four colour flow cytometry (4CFC), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western blotting to determine vesicle size, purity and Flt-1 and endoglin (Eng) expression. Biological activity of STBM associated Flt-1 and endoglin was assessed by the ability of VEGF, PlGF and TGFβ to bind to mSTBM and inhibit mSTBM induced endothelial monolayer disruption. STBM content was consistently high (∼87–95%) across the different preparations. However, surface antigen intensities differed, with significantly lower placental alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05) and Eng (P<0.05) expression on mSTBM, and Flt-1 (P<0.05) expression on pSTBM. For PE placenta derived preparations, pSTBM contained lower Eng positive STBM (P<0.05) and mSTBM Eng expression was increased (P<0.05). Western blotting revealed increased Flt-1/sFlt-1 (P<0.02) and decreased placental alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0002) content of PE placenta pSTBM. Using NTA, perfused PE placentas released significantly larger MV (P<0.001). Finally, VEGF, PlGF and TGFβ bound to mSTBM at physiologically relevant concentrations and inhibited mSTBM induced endothelial disruption (P<0.05-P<0.001).ConclusionsThis study has found differences in physical and antigenic characteristics of normal and PE placenta STBM preparations produced by placental perfusion or mechanical disruption. We have also demonstrated that large quantities of biologically active STBM associated endoglin and Flt-1/sFlt-1 could contribute to the increased circulating levels measured in PE patients and add to the perturbation of the maternal vascular endothelium, normally attributed to non-membrane bound sFlt-1 and sEndoglin.

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Origins and significance of the increased plasma alkaline phosphatase during normal pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Histochemistry of placental alkaline phosphatase in preeclampsia

Histochemistry of placental alkaline phosphatase in preeclampsia

Pattern of serum total alkaline phosphatase activity in different stages of normal third trimester pregnancy in Zaria, Northern Nigeria

Characterisation of Syncytiotrophoblast Vesicles in Normal Pregnancy and Pre-Eclampsia: Expression of Flt-1 and Endoglin

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