Origins and Evolution of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Clonal Lineages

Gomes, Ana; Westh, Henrik; Lencastre, Hermı́nia de

doi:10.1128/aac.00521-06

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…they cannot be distinguished by currently used typing procedures. Interestingly, according to MLST, most MRSA clones that frequently are associated with nosocomial infections today also were predominant among MSSA isolates recovered during the 1960s from hospitals in Denmark (14) and more recently in England (15) and Belgium (16). Similar results were obtained in a carriage study from the United States by DNA macrorestriction analysis (17).…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

Frequent emergence and limited geographic dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Nübel

Filloux

Feldkamp

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

241

181

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A small number of clonal lineages dominates the global population structure of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), resulting in the concept that MRSA has emerged on a few occasions after penicillinase-stable ␤-lactam antibiotics were introduced to clinical practice, followed by intercontinental spread of individual clones. We investigated the evolutionary history of an MRSA clone (ST5) by mutation discovery at 108 loci (46 kb) within a global collection of 135 isolates. The SNPs that were ascertained define a radial phylogenetic structure within ST5 consisting of at least 5 chains of mutational steps that define geographically associated clades. These clades are not concordant with previously described groupings based on staphylococcal protein A gene (spa) typing. By mapping the number of independent imports of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome methicillin-resistance island, we also show that import has occurred on at least 23 occasions within this single sequence type and that the progeny of such recombinant strains usually are distributed locally rather than globally. These results provide strong evidence that geographical spread of MRSA over long distances and across cultural borders is a rare event compared with the frequency with which the staphylococcal cassette chromosome island has been imported.antibiotic resistance ͉ evolution ͉ phylogeography ͉ SNP

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supporting

confidence: 72%

Frequent emergence and limited geographic dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Nübel

Filloux

Feldkamp

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

241

181

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The whole genetic background contributes to epidemiological success. Only fi ve main MRSA clonal complexes, specifi ed by MLST, are present in hospitals around the world [19]. A retrospective study has shown that MSSA isolates from the 1960s belonged to the same clonal complexes as MRSA, suggesting that these genetic lineages, carrying genes contributing to superior epidemicity, were present in hospitals before the acquisition of SCCmec element [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only fi ve main MRSA clonal complexes, specifi ed by MLST, are present in hospitals around the world [19]. A retrospective study has shown that MSSA isolates from the 1960s belonged to the same clonal complexes as MRSA, suggesting that these genetic lineages, carrying genes contributing to superior epidemicity, were present in hospitals before the acquisition of SCCmec element [19]. Similarly, successful clones circulating in the community are ST1 and ST8, mostly reported in the USA and Canada, ST80 in Europe, ST59 in the Asia-Pacifi c, Taiwan and Australia, and ST30 in the USA, Europe, western Pacifi c, Japan, and other countries worldwide [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Pomoravlje Region, Serbia

Lepsanovic

Jeremić

Lazic

et al. 2016

Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica

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With a view to estimating the prevalence and resistance patterns of CA-MR-SA in one region of Serbia, we performed an analysis of MRSA isolates from healthy people and hospitalised patients. The detection of CA-MRSA was carried out by SCCmec typing. In MRSA isolates from hospitalised patients SCCmec types IV and V were found in 76% of the strains. Similar percentage (80%) of CA-MRSA genotypes was present in healthy people. SCCmec type V harbouring MRSA was the most successful clone. Higher prevalence of type V in hospitalised patients to that in healthy people (70% vs 54%) may indicate nosocomial transmissions in at least some hospital units. All MRSA strains from hospitalised patients were resistant to one or more non-β-lactam antibiotics while 52% were multi-resistant. In isolates from healthy people, 16% were sensitive to all non-β-lactam antibiotics and 40% were multi-resistant. Similar percentage of multi-resistant CA-and HA-genotypes occurred in a particular environment (53% vs 50% in hospitalised patients, and 37.5% vs 37.5% in healthy people) indicating selective pressure of antibiotics as a leading force conferring antibiotic resistance. High prevalence of CA-MRSA and high resistance rate both in hospitals and the community suggest that this pathogen has been present in the Pomoravlje Region, central Serbia for years.

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“…As previously reported by other authors (7, 10, 52), a higher diversity of CCs was found among the MSSA isolates of the HUCA, which accounted for 67.9% of the analyzed isolates. Of them, 80.0% had a genetic background common to major MRSA lineages, namely, CC5 (38.2%), CC30 (25.5%), CC45 (14.5%), and CC8 (1.8%) (7,17,48). As was the case for MRSA, MSSA isolates with a CC5 genetic background mostly belonged to SmaI PFGE subclusters G1 and G2 and were of either ST5 or ST125; CC30 isolates fell into SmaI PFGE cluster B and were of ST30; and ST47 and ST45, both members of CC45, were separated by SmaI PFGE into clusters A and D. Four successful MSSA lineages different from the major MRSA clones, namely, CC12, CC15 (PFGE clusters F and E), CC51, and CC59 (each with one sporadic isolate), were also detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clonal Complexes and Diversity of Exotoxin Gene Profiles in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients in a Spanish Hospital

et al. 2009

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Molecular epidemiology studies have allowed the identification of the methicillin (meticillin)-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) clonal complexes (CCs) and clones of, and CC59 were also detected. Many exotoxin genes were present in each of the 81 isolates, independent of whether they were involved in sepsis (11 to 22) or other types of infections (13 to 21), and they appeared in 73 combinations. The relevant data are that (i) all isolates were positive for hemolysin and leukotoxin genes (98.8% for lukED and 25.9% for lukPV); (ii) all contained an enterotoxin gene cluster (egc with or without seu), frequently with one or more genes encoding classical enterotoxins; (iii) about half were positive for tst and 95% were positive for exfoliatin-encoding genes (eta, etb, and/or etd); and (iv) the four agr groups were detected, with agrII (55.6%) and agrIII (23.5%) being the most frequent. Taken together, results of the present study suggest a frequent acquisition and/or loss of exotoxin genes, which may be mediated by efficient intralineage transfer of mobile genetic elements and exotoxin genes therein and by eventual breakage of interlineage barriers.Staphylococcus aureus is both a commensal bacterium and an extremely versatile pathogen that causes a wide range of diseases in humans, including superficial, deep-seated, and systemic infections, as well as a variety of toxemic syndromes, such as toxic shock syndrome (TSS), staphylococcal scaldedskin syndrome (SSSS), and staphylococcal food poisoning (36). S. aureus produces a wide range of virulence factors that mediate host colonization, invasion of damaged skin and mucosa, dissemination through the body, and evasion of host defense mechanisms (8,12). Relevant among them are a variety of exotoxins that comprise ␣-, ␤-, ␥-, and ␦-hemolysins, leukotoxins (the classical LukS-PV-LukF-PV Panton-Valentine leukocidin [LukPV], LukE-LukD [LukED] and LukM-LukFЈ-PV [LukM]), exfoliative toxins, and pyrogenic toxin superantigens, such as the staphylococcal TSS toxin (TSST-1, first referred to as SEF) and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (14,29,43). Five major serological types of SEs, SEA through SEE (known as classical enterotoxins, encoded by the sea to see genes, respectively) have been initially identified. However, new types of SEs and their coding genes (seg through seu) were later reported. Several SE genes (seg, sei, sem, sen, and seo) are part of an operon termed the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc

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Origins and Evolution of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusClonal Lineages

Cited by 81 publications

References 51 publications

Frequent emergence and limited geographic dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Frequent emergence and limited geographic dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

High Prevalence and Resistance Patterns of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in the Pomoravlje Region, Serbia

Clonal Complexes and Diversity of Exotoxin Gene Profiles in Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Patients in a Spanish Hospital

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