Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes

Braun, Dietrich

doi:10.1155/2009/893234

Cited by 76 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Briefly, a few drops of chloroform were added to the MWCNT-BP mixture (see method section for details), and the slurry was poured into prefabricated PTFE (Teflon®) molds (disk or cylinder molds), and incubated at 60°C for 24 hours. Benzoyl peroxide is a widely used initiator in free radical polymerization reactions [31]. It thermally decomposes to yield phenyl or benzoyloxyl free radicals, and CO 2 gas, and has been used for covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes [32, 33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional macroscopic all-carbon scaffolds

Lalwani

Kwaczala

Kanakia

et al. 2013

Carbon

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We report a simple method to fabricate macroscopic, 3-D, free standing, all-carbon scaffolds (porous structures) using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the starting materials. The scaffolds prepared by radical initiated thermal crosslinking, and annealing of MWCNTs possess macroscale interconnected pores, robust structural integrity, stability, and conductivity. The porosity of the three-dimensional structure can be controlled by varying the amount of radical initiator, thereby allowing the design of porous scaffolds tailored towards specific potential applications. This method also allows the fabrication of 3-D scaffolds using other carbon nanomaterials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and graphene indicating that it could be used as a versatile method for 3-D assembly of carbon nanostructures with pi bond networks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional macroscopic all-carbon scaffolds

Lalwani

Kwaczala

Kanakia

et al. 2013

Carbon

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“…Since the 1980s, half of the production of synthetic polymers has been carried out through FRP processes [1]. Nowadays, still 45% of the manufactured plastic materials and 40% of synthetic rubber are obtained by FRP processes [2]. Such processes can exploit the large variety of vinyl compounds available on the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Quantum Chemistry for the Determination of Propagation, Copolymerization, and Secondary Reaction Kinetics in Free Radical Polymerization

2015

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Throughout the last 25 years, computational chemistry based on quantum mechanics has been applied to the investigation of reaction kinetics in free radical polymerization (FRP) with growing interest. Nowadays, quantum chemistry (QC) can be considered a powerful and cost-effective tool for the kinetic characterization of many individual reactions in FRP, especially those that cannot yet be fully analyzed through experiments. The recent focus on copolymers and systems where secondary reactions play a major role has emphasized this feature due to the increased complexity of these kinetic schemes. QC calculations are well-suited to support and guide the experimental investigation of FRP kinetics as well as to deepen the understanding of polymerization mechanisms. This paper is intended to provide an overview of the most relevant QC results obtained so far from the investigation of FRP. A comparison between computational results and experimental data is given, whenever possible, to emphasize the performances of the two approaches in the prediction of kinetic data. This work provides a comprehensive database of reaction rate parameters of FRP to assist in the development of advanced models of polymerization and experimental studies on the topic.

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“…e polymerisation reaction generally lasts 16− 48 hours, and the polymerisation time affects the morphology of the produced polymer [33]; therefore, the chosen polymerisation conditions were 80°C for 18 hours. e polymerisation process consists of three stages: chain initiation (free radical formation from the initiator), carbon chain extension, and chain termination (radicals form stable molecules) [34]. Increasing the polymerisation time makes the polymer structure more rigid and facilitates the formation of molded cavities with a better shape [33].…”

Section: Synthesis Of the Imprinted Monolithic Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterisation of a Monolithic Imprinted Column Using a Methacrylic Acid Monomer with Porogen Propanol for Atenolol Analysis

Hasanah

Maelaningsih

Apriliandi

et al. 2020

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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A monolithic imprinted atenolol column was constructed by in situ polymerisation using a methacrylic acid monomer and a 1 : 1 (v/v) porogen of propanol: toluene with two template: monomer: crosslinker combinations, namely, MIP 1 (1 : 4 : 20) and MIP 2 (1 : 5 : 20). Physical characterisation of the monolithic columns consisted of permeability testing, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) testing, surface area analysis (SAA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The permeability value of four monolithic columns was in the good category: MIP 1 (24.01 mD), NIP 1 (56.43 mD), MIP 2 (23.03 mD), and NIP 2 (14.47 mD). The polymerisation process of these four monolithic imprinted columns was carried out perfectly, as shown by the absence of vinyl groups (1000 cm−1 and 900 cm−1) during FTIR testing. Based on SAA testing, the pores of the four polymers were classified as mesopores. The best monolithic column was MIP 1, as seen from the intercolumn and intracolumn reproducibility values and a % RSD <2.0%. The MIP 1 column was selective towards atenolol, as seen from the selectivity factor, imprinting factor (IF), and resolution (Rs) values. The IF values of MIP 1 were atenolol (204.62), metoprolol (3.36), and propranolol (1.27). The Rs value between atenolol and the analogue compounds was 7.23. The MIP 1 column can be used for the analysis of atenolol in blood serum samples with an average percentage recovery rate of 94.88 ± 4.43%.

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Origins and Development of Initiation of Free Radical Polymerization Processes

Cited by 76 publications

References 50 publications

Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional macroscopic all-carbon scaffolds

Fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional macroscopic all-carbon scaffolds

On the Use of Quantum Chemistry for the Determination of Propagation, Copolymerization, and Secondary Reaction Kinetics in Free Radical Polymerization

Synthesis and Characterisation of a Monolithic Imprinted Column Using a Methacrylic Acid Monomer with Porogen Propanol for Atenolol Analysis

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