Original article Prenatal exposure of diclofenac sodium affects morphology but not axon number of the median nerve of rats

Ayrancı, Ebru; Altunkaynak, Berrin Zühal; Aktaş, Abit; Rağbetli, Murat Çetin; Kaplan, Süleyman

doi:10.5114/fn.2013.34199

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The evaluation of regeneration of the peripheral nervous system in animal models often includes the estimation of myelinated nerve fiber number and fiber size parameters (axon diameter, fiber diameter, myelin thickness, and g‐ratio), which are important morphological indications of the functional success of the regenerative process (Geuna et al, ) . Most of the morphometric and stereological analyses in the peripheral regenerative field are performed using light microscope (Acar et al ., ; Jeronimo et al ., ; Raimondo et al ., ; Ayranci et al ., ; Ronchi et al ., ) because it is less expensive and less time consuming compared to electron microscope. On the other hand, electron microscope is usually employed to study the ultrastructural changes occurring after nerve degeneration and regeneration from a qualitative point of view (Varejao et al ., ; Piskin et al ., ; Ronchi et al ., ; Papalia et al ., ) and only a few studies have used this method to perform quantitative analysis (Biscoe and Lewkowicz , ; Taveggia et al ., ; Einheber et al ., ; Soltanpour et al ., ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Discrepancies in quantitative assessment of normal and regenerated peripheral nerve fibers between light and electron microscopy

Ronchi

Jager

Vægter

et al. 2014

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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Quantitative estimation of myelinated nerve fiber number, together with fiber size parameters, is one of the most important tools for nerve regeneration research. In this study we used a design-based stereological method to evaluate the regenerative process in two experimental paradigms: crush injury and autograft repair. Samples were embedded in resin and morphometric counting and measurements were performed using both light and electron microscopes. Results show a significant difference in myelinated fiber number estimation between light and electron microscopes, especially after autograft repair; light microscope significantly underestimates the number of fibers because of the large number of very small axons that can be detected only in electron microscope. The analysis of the size parameters also shows a higher number of small fibers in electron microscopic analysis, especially in regenerated nerves. This comparative study shows that the integration of data obtained in light microscope with those obtained in electron microscope is necessary in revealing very small myelinated fibers that cannot be detected otherwise. Moreover, the difference in the estimation of total number of myelinated fibers between light and electron microscopes must be considered in data analysis to ensure accurate interpretation of the results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Discrepancies in quantitative assessment of normal and regenerated peripheral nerve fibers between light and electron microscopy

Ronchi

Jager

Vægter

et al. 2014

J Peripheral Nervous Sys

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“…The proper functioning of such tracts depends on axon characteristics such as size, density and spatial organization. The axons populating different tracts or bundles change during development12345678 and aging91011121314, as well as a consequence of pathology151617181920212223242526 and environmental influences272829. Alterations in specific genes might also influence the organization of bundles of axons23031.…”

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confidence: 99%

Statistical physics approach to quantifying differences in myelinated nerve fibers

Comin

Santos

Corradini

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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We present a new method to quantify differences in myelinated nerve fibers. These differences range from morphologic characteristics of individual fibers to differences in macroscopic properties of collections of fibers. Our method uses statistical physics tools to improve on traditional measures, such as fiber size and packing density. As a case study, we analyze cross–sectional electron micrographs from the fornix of young and old rhesus monkeys using a semi-automatic detection algorithm to identify and characterize myelinated axons. We then apply a feature selection approach to identify the features that best distinguish between the young and old age groups, achieving a maximum accuracy of 94% when assigning samples to their age groups. This analysis shows that the best discrimination is obtained using the combination of two features: the fraction of occupied axon area and the effective local density. The latter is a modified calculation of axon density, which reflects how closely axons are packed. Our feature analysis approach can be applied to characterize differences that result from biological processes such as aging, damage from trauma or disease or developmental differences, as well as differences between anatomical regions such as the fornix and the cingulum bundle or corpus callosum.

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“…Until the toxic effects of DS in humans are made more clear by clinical studies, the application of DS, especially in high doses, to women who are pregnant should proceed carefully. Different rat models have been used to determine the effects of DS on the sciatic, median, and optical nerves, as well as the cerebellum, the spinal cord, and the hippocampus [3,29,[34][35][36]52,53]. The hippocampus has a key role in physiological events such as nutrition intake, ion balance, pain perception, reproduction, learning and memory, blood pressure, and life and cultural development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies researching the effects of NSAIDs on the CNS have reported that DS affects the CNS and inhibits the differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cells [18,35]. In another stereological and electron microscopic study, a significant decrease was observed following DS use in the prenatal period in neuron numbers in the spinal cords of 20-week-old rats compared with a control group [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effects of different doses of diclofenac sodium on newborn rat hippocampus exposed during the third trimester

Elibol¹,

Kaplan²,

Altun³

et al. 2020

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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The main aim of the present study was to examine the neurotoxic effects of prenatal exposure to varying doses of diclofenac sodium (DS) on the rat hippocampus. Twenty-eight Wistar albino adult female rats weighing 280-300 g were initially used for pregnancy. When vaginal plaques were seen in female rats, it was accepted as the 0th day of pregnancy. Female rats were divided into five main groups; pure control, saline, low dose DS (3.6 mg/kg), moderate dose DS (9 mg/kg), and high dose DS (18 mg/kg). They were exposed to these treatments during their gestation. After birth, all newborn male rats were euthanized by overdose anesthesia on the 7th postnatal day. Histological and stereological techniques were used for analyzing tissue samples. The stereological analyses in this study showed that the number of neurons in the hippocampus may be reduced due to the use of DS. Histological investigation of the drug-treated groups showed significant cell loss compared to the control. Darkly stained nuclei of the neurons in the high dose group compared to the other groups were also obvious. When the results are evaluated, it can be concluded that the use of diclofenac sodium during pregnancy may have teratogenic effects on the development of the nervous system.

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Original article Prenatal exposure of diclofenac sodium affects morphology but not axon number of the median nerve of rats

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Discrepancies in quantitative assessment of normal and regenerated peripheral nerve fibers between light and electron microscopy

Discrepancies in quantitative assessment of normal and regenerated peripheral nerve fibers between light and electron microscopy

Statistical physics approach to quantifying differences in myelinated nerve fibers

The effects of different doses of diclofenac sodium on newborn rat hippocampus exposed during the third trimester

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