ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Implications of fisheries‐induced evolution for stock rebuilding and recovery

Enberg, Katja; Jørgensen, Christian; Dunlop, Erin S.; Heino, Mikko; Dieckmann, Ulf

doi:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00077.x

Cited by 214 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…The resulting standing variation j p 0.6 sr in a hypothetical monomorphic population corresponds to a genetic coefficient of variation of 13% (Houle 1992). For comparison, a value of 6% was used for the initial genetic coefficient of variation in an evolutionary model parameterized for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), a value that was considered conservative (i.e., low) in light of the available empirical evidence (Enberg et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Phenotypic Diversification along a Temperature-Depth Gradient

Ohlberger

Brännström

Dieckmann

2013

The American Naturalist

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Adaptive phenotypic diversification along a temperature-depth gradient. Online enhancements: appendixes.abstract: Theoretical models suggest that sympatric speciation along environmental gradients might be common in nature. Here we present the first data-based model of evolutionary diversification along a continuous environmental gradient. On the basis of genetic analyses, it has been suggested that a pair of coregonid fishes (Coregonus spp.) in a postglacial German lake originated by sympatric speciation. Within this lake, the two species segregate vertically and show metabolic adaptations to, as well as behavioral preferences for, correspondingly different temperatures. We test the plausibility of the hypothesis that this diversifying process has been driven by adaptations to different thermal microhabitats along the lake's temperature-depth gradient. Using an adaptive-dynamics model that is calibrated with empirical data and allows the gradual evolution of a quantitative trait describing optimal foraging temperature, we show that under the specific environmental conditions in the lake, evolutionary branching of a hypothetical ancestral population into two distinct phenotypes may have occurred. We also show that the resultant evolutionary diversification yields two stably coexisting populations with trait values and depth distributions that are in agreement with those currently observed in the lake. We conclude that divergent thermal adaptations along the temperature-depth gradient might have brought about the two species observed today.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Phenotypic Diversification along a Temperature-Depth Gradient

Ohlberger

Brännström

Dieckmann

2013

The American Naturalist

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“…High‐yield harvesting regimes impose significant selection on morphology, life history and behaviour, and harvested populations sometimes evolve in response (Enberg, Jørgensen, Dunlop, Heino, & Dieckmann, 2009; Hendry et al., 2011; Law, 2000; Proaktor, Coulson, & Milner‐Gulland, 2007; Reznick & Ghalambor, 2005). In turn, these evolutionary responses can alter the productivity and sustainability of the harvested populations, sometimes in negative ways (Law & Salick, 2005; Walsh, Munch, Chiba, & Conover, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical evolution in response to intensive harvesting in algae: Evolution of quality and quantity

Marshall

Lawton

Monro

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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Evolutionary responses to indirect selection pressures imposed by intensive harvesting are increasingly common. While artificial selection has shown that biochemical components can show rapid and dramatic evolution, it remains unclear as to whether intensive harvesting can inadvertently induce changes in the biochemistry of harvested populations. For applications such as algal culture, many of the desirable bioproducts could evolve in response to harvesting, reducing cost‐effectiveness, but experimental tests are lacking. We used an experimental evolution approach where we imposed heavy and light harvesting regimes on multiple lines of an alga of commercial interest for twelve cycles of harvesting and then placed all lines in a common garden regime for four cycles. We have previously shown that lines in a heavy harvesting regime evolve a “live fast” phenotype with higher growth rates relative to light harvesting regimes. Here, we show that algal biochemistry also shows evolutionary responses, although they were temporarily masked by differences in density under the different harvesting regimes. Heavy harvesting regimes, relative to light harvesting regimes, had reduced productivity of desirable bioproducts, particularly fatty acids. We suggest that commercial operators wishing to maximize productivity of desirable bioproducts should maintain mother cultures, kept at higher densities (which tend to select for desirable phenotypes), and periodically restart their intensively harvested cultures to minimize the negative consequences of biochemical evolution. Our study shows that the burgeoning algal culture industry should pay careful attention to the role of evolution in intensively harvested crops as these effects are nontrivial if subtle.

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“…Mortality may decrease with size, due to a lower vulnerability of larger individuals to predators, or increase with size, a typical feature of human harvest regimes (e.g., Dunlop et al 2007Dunlop et al , 2009aDunlop et al , 2009bThériault et al 2008;Enberg et al 2009;Jørgensen et al 2009;Okamoto et al 2009). Parental effects may enhance offspring survival through better egg quality or parental care (Trippel 1995;Berkeley et al 2004).…”

Section: Model Limitations and Extensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, a maturation reaction norm is the curve in the age-size plane connecting the combinations of age and size at maturation that are expressed by a given genotype for different growth rates in the age-size plane (Stearns and Crandall 1984;Stearns and Koella 1986). The evolution of maturation reaction norms has been the subject of numerous theoretical studies (e.g., Stearns and Koella 1986;Perrin and Rubin 1990;Berrigan and Koella 1994;Day and Rowe 2002;Dunlop et al 2007Dunlop et al , 2009aDunlop et al , 2009bThériault et al 2008;Enberg et al 2009;Jørgensen et al 2009). As the costs and benefits of maturing earlier or later accrue in terms of survival and/or size-dependent fecundity, the rates of somatic growth and mortality are expected to serve as primary determinants of maturation evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Covariation in Growth and Mortality on Evolving Maturation Reaction Norms

Marty¹,

Dieckmann²,

Rochet³

et al. 2011

The American Naturalist

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Maturation age and size have important fitness consequences through their effects on survival probabilities and body sizes. The evolution of maturation reaction norms in response to environmental covariation in growth and mortality is therefore a key subject of lifehistory theory. The eco-evolutionary model we present and analyze here incorporates critical features earlier studies of evolving maturation reaction norms have often neglected: the tradeoff between growth and reproduction, source-sink population structure, and population regulation through density-dependent growth and fecundity. We report the following findings.First, the evolutionarily optimal age at maturation can be decomposed into the sum of a density-dependent and a density-independent component. These components measure, respectively, the hypothetical negative age at which an individual's length would be zero and the delay in maturation relative to this offset. Second, along any growth trajectory, individuals mature earlier when mortality is higher. This allows us to deduce, third, how the shapes of evolutionarily optimal maturation reaction norms depend on the covariation between growth and mortality (positive or negative, linear or curvilinear, and deterministic or probabilistic).Providing eco-evolutionary explanations for many alternative reaction-norm shapes, our results appear to be in good agreement with current empirical knowledge on maturation dynamics. Marty et al.Evolving maturation reaction norms 3

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Implications of fisheries‐induced evolution for stock rebuilding and recovery

Cited by 214 publications

References 105 publications

Adaptive Phenotypic Diversification along a Temperature-Depth Gradient

Adaptive Phenotypic Diversification along a Temperature-Depth Gradient

Biochemical evolution in response to intensive harvesting in algae: Evolution of quality and quantity

Impact of Environmental Covariation in Growth and Mortality on Evolving Maturation Reaction Norms

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