Original antigenic sin: A comprehensive review

Vatti, Anup; Monsalve, Diana M.; Pacheco, Yovana; Chang, Christopher; Anaya, Juan Manuel; Gershwin, M. Eric

doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2017.04.008

Cited by 179 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Importantly, this IDLV regimen did not result in a gp41-dominant antibody response, a finding that contrasts with recent publications that showed a gp41-dominant response to immunogens containing gp41 in both humans and macaques due to cross-reactivity between gp41 and gut microbiota 15,16 . In contrast, both linear epitope mapping and single memory B-cell repertoire analysis on the IDLV-C.1086 gp140 vaccinated animals showed a dominant gp120 antibody response.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…Sorting of double positive 1086.C gp140-specific memory B cells yielded 33 mAbs of which 85% bound to gp120 and 15% bound to gp41. These data suggest that the expression of the gp140 HIV-1 Env by IDLV did not induce a dominant gp41 antibody response as was sometimes observed in both human and NHP studies of Ad5 vector-based vaccine regimens 15,16 . Isolated gp120-reactive mAbs included V3, V2, and CD4bs-directed specificities (Supplementary Data 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

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IDLV-HIV-1 Env vaccination in non-human primates induces affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells

et al. 2018

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HIV continues to be a major global health issue. In spite of successful prevention interventions and treatment methods, the development of an HIV vaccine remains a major priority for the field and would be the optimal strategy to prevent new infections. We showed previously that a single immunization with a SIV-based integrase-defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) expressing the 1086.C HIV-1-envelope induced durable, high-magnitude immune responses in non-human primates (NHPs). In this study, we have further characterized the humoral responses by assessing antibody affinity maturation and antigen-specific memory B-cell persistence in two vaccinated macaques. These animals were also boosted with IDLV expressing the heterologous 1176.C HIV-1-Env to determine if neutralization breadth could be increased, followed by evaluation of the injection sites to assess IDLV persistence. IDLV-Env immunization was associated with persistence of the vector DNA for up to 6 months post immunization and affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

IDLV-HIV-1 Env vaccination in non-human primates induces affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells

et al. 2018

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“…The lack of detected IgM responses may be due to the limited sensitivity of the serological method used for IgM detection (Euroimmun ZIKV ELISA) 29, 30. Furthermore, IgM responses can be attenuated in infected individuals with flavivirus infections in the past31, 32, 33 and ZIKV serology is further complicated by extensive cross‐reactivity with other endemic flaviviruses 21, 34. As virus‐specific neutralizing antibody testing has been suggested the most definitive tool to confirm the presence of ZIKV‐specific antibodies, we performed ZIKV neutralization assays on all sera with detectable ZIKV IgG antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus and Guillain–Barré syndrome in Bangladesh

GeurtsvanKessel

Islam

et al. 2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectivePrevious studies have associated Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in South America and Oceania. In Asia, ZIKV is known to circulate widely, but the association with Guillain–Barré syndrome is unclear. We investigated whether endemic ZIKV infection is associated with the development of GBS.MethodsA prospective study was conducted from 2011 to 2015 in Bangladesh. A total of 418 patients and 418 healthy family controls were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed with GBS prior to inclusion according to established criteria. Detailed information on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, electrophysiology, diagnosis, disease severity, and clinical course were obtained during a follow‐up of 1 year using a predefined protocol.Results ZIKV‐neutralizing antibodies were detected in our study from 2013 onwards. The prevalence of ZIKV‐neutralizing antibodies was not significantly higher in patients with GBS compared to healthy controls (OR 2.23, P = 0.14, 95% CI 0.77–6.53). Serological evidence for prior ZIKV infection in patients with GBS was associated with more frequent cranial, sensory, and autonomic nerve involvement compared to GBS patients with Campylobacter jejuni, the predominant preceding infection in GBS worldwide. Nerve‐conduction studies revealed that ZIKV antibodies were associated with a demyelinating subtype of GBS, while C. jejuni infections were related to an axonal subtype.InterpretationNo significant association was found between ZIKV infection and GBS in Bangladesh, but GBS following ZIKV infection was characterized by a distinct clinical and electrophysiological subtype compared to C. jejuni infection. These findings indicate that ZIKV may precede a specific GBS subtype but the risk is low.

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“…Imperfectly matching antibodies due to antigenic sin may further result in poor responses to the influenza vaccine and suboptimal pathogen control in the aged population. The ‘original antigenic sin’ concept refers to the impact of the first encounter with antigens of an influenza virus on lifelong immunity [8]. When a virus strain undergoes antigenic drift, some epitopes remain conserved, and pre-existing antibodies to such epitopes cross-react to the drifted strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response to influenza vaccination in the elderly is altered by chronic medication use

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe elderly patient population is the most susceptible to influenza virus infection and its associated complications. Polypharmacy is common in the aged, who often have multiple co-morbidities. Previous studies have demonstrated that commonly used prescription drugs can have extensive impact on immune defenses and responses to vaccination. In this study, we examined how the dynamics of immune responses to the two influenza A virus strains of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) can be affected by patient’s history of using the prescription drugs Metformin, NSAIDs or Statins.ResultsWe provide evidence for differential antibody (Ab) production, B-cell phenotypic changes, alteration in immune cell proportions and transcriptome-wide perturbation in individuals with a history of long-term medication use, compared with non-users. We noted a diminished response to TIV in the elderly on Metformin, whereas those on NSAIDs or Statins had higher baseline responses but reduced relative increases in virus-neutralizing Abs (VNAs) or Abs detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following vaccination.ConclusionCollectively, our findings suggest novel pathways that might underlie how long-term medication use impacts immune response to influenza vaccination in the elderly. They provide a strong rationale for targeting the medication-immunity interaction in the aged population to improve vaccination responses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12979-018-0124-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Original antigenic sin: A comprehensive review

Cited by 179 publications

References 68 publications

IDLV-HIV-1 Env vaccination in non-human primates induces affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells

IDLV-HIV-1 Env vaccination in non-human primates induces affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells

Zika virus and Guillain–Barré syndrome in Bangladesh

Immune response to influenza vaccination in the elderly is altered by chronic medication use

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