Origin of the ore-forming fluids and metals of the Hetai goldfield in Guangdong Province of South China: Constraints from C-H-O-S-Pb-He-Ar isotopes

Jiao, Qianqian; Wang, Lixing; Deng, Teng; Xu, Dong; Chen, Genwen; Yu, De‐Quan; Ye, Tingwei; Yiwen, Gao

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.04.005

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The δ 34 S CDT values range from −1.5‰ to −5.2‰ with an average of −3.4‰, which shows a pronounced normal distribution (Figure ). Moreover, our results are consistent with previously published δ 34 S CDT values of sulphides from various ores by traditional method (Fu, ; Jiao, Wang, et al, ; Lu et al, ; Lu, ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Mesozoic meteoric water field is from L. G. Zhang (), the range of dotted line present fluid δ 18 O values calculated from O isotopes of calcites. Previous data are from Jiao, Wang, et al (); W. Liu et al (); Lu (); Tu and Gao (); and H. N. Wang et al () [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other workers, on the other hand, argued that the auriferous mineralization occurred after the ductile shear deformation and is related to magmatic activities in the Yanshanian Orogeny (Jiao, Wang, et al, ; C. Wang, Zhang, Wang, Qiu, & Gong, ; Zhai et al, ). This is mainly based on observations that the H–O isotope compositions in quartz from ores and fluid inclusions plot in the field of magmatic water (Jiao, Wang, et al, ; Tu & Gao, ; H. N. Wang et al, ; Ye & Qiu, ) and that the emplacement age of the Wucun granitic pluton adjacent to the mineralization (magmatic zircon U–Pb: 153.6 ± 2.1 Ma; Zhai, Yuan, Li, & Huang, ) is broadly the same as the mineralization ages (hydrothermal zircon U–Pb: 152.5 ± 3.1 Ma; Zhai et al, ). The key to resolve these disputes lies in tracing the origins of the ore‐forming constituents and obtaining more reliable ages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the previous fluid inclusion studies lacked detailed descriptions on the relationship between fluid inclusions and mineralization stages. Moreover, the unclear generation relationship even affected the results of H–O isotopic analyses that commonly blend different mineralizing stages of inclusions and thus derive a mixed nature for ore‐forming fluids between metamorphic, magmatic, and meteoric origins (W. He, ; Jiao, Wang, et al, ; W. Liu, Huang, & Ouyang, ; Lu, ; Tu & Gao, ; H. N. Wang et al, , ; Ye & Qiu, ). The same situation also complicates the S isotope data obtained from the bulk analytical methods, which may include sulphides from different generations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The genesis of gold deposits in the Hetai goldfield, South China: New constraints from geochronology, fluid inclusion, and multiple isotopic studies

et al. 2019

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The Hetai goldfield is one of the largest gold mining districts in the South China Block. A complex paragenesis consists of three mineralization stages: syntectonic metamorphic stage, hydrothermal stage, and supergene stage. The syntectonic metamorphic stage is characterized by banded quartz (Q1) and invisible Au in mylonites. The hydrothermal stage, which is the main gold mineralization stage, can be divided into three substages: an early substage characterized by coarse‐grained quartz (Q2) + pyrite + arsenopyrite + pyrrhotite, an intermediate substage characterized by gray fine‐grained quartz (Q3) + electrum + poly‐sulphides + sericite + chlorite and a late substage with predominate white quartz (Q4) + calcite as well as lesser sulphides. During the supergene stage, malachite, covellite, and limonite were formed. Four types of fluid inclusions (FIs) in these types of quartz were identified: aqueous FIs (type 1), CO2‐bearing aqueous FIs (type 2), CO2‐rich FIs (type 3), and solid‐bearing FIs (type 4). Q1 only contains type 1 FIs; Q2 contains types 2 and 4 FIs; Q3 contains types 2 and 3 FIs; and Q4 only contains type 1 FIs. Microthermometric results show that the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions range from 350°C to 400°C for Q1, 250°C to 320°C for Q2, 138°C to 245°C for Q3, and 110°C to 207°C for Q4. Salinities of fluid inclusions range from 3.4 to 5.7 wt.%, 2.6 to 12.9 wt.%, 0.5 to 11.5 wt.%, and 0.2 to 7.3 wt.% for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. Alteration minerals (sericite and chlorite) from the main mineralization stage have δDH2O‐VSMOW values of −62‰ to −98‰ and calculated δ18OH2O‐VSMOW values of 6.3‰ to 4.4‰. The in situ sulphur isotope analysis of pyrite yields a narrow δ34SCDT range of −1.5‰ to −5.2‰ (average −3.4‰), combined with the Pb isotopic compositions of the sulphides, wall rocks, and Wucun pluton, revealing that the ore‐forming material was mainly derived from magmatic source. The mineralization age (sericite 40Ar/39Ar: 159.3 ± 0.8 Ma) is close to the emplacement age of Wucun biotite monzonitic granite pluton (LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb age: 158.1 ± 1.9 Ma). These geochemical and geochronological data suggest that the main phase of gold mineralization in the Hetai goldfield is genetically related to the granitic activities in the Late Jurassic rather than the mylonitization event in the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The genesis of gold deposits in the Hetai goldfield, South China: New constraints from geochronology, fluid inclusion, and multiple isotopic studies

et al. 2019

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“…Previous researchers have carried out many studies on the HGF, proposing different views and performing transdisciplinary studies on its stratigraphy, tectonic deformation, radioactive age as well as pressure‐temperature condition of its inclusions (He & Zhang, ; L. Li et al, 2000). For example, the origin of the HGF was reported to have resulted from the subduction of the Yunkai Massif beneath the Indosinian block during the Triassic (K. Zhang & Cai, ; Jiao, Wang, et al, ; Jiao, Deng, et al, ) or the oblique subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate beneath the South China Block during the Early Jurassic (Cai, ); its ore‐forming age has been reported to be Caledonian, early Yanshanian, or middle‐later Yanshanian (J. Chen, ; C. Wang, Zhang, Wang, Qiu, & Gong, ). The process of ductile shear has been reported to have contributed greatly to gold mineralization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ductile shear deformation and gold mineralization in the Hetai goldfield of the Yunkai Massif, South China Block

Liu

Wang

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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The Hetai goldfield, located at the northern edge of the Yunkai Massif in South China, is a significant gold deposit hosted within the Hetai ductile shear zone (HSZ). The deformation history of HSZ and its correlation with the gold mineralization are problematic. In this study, we conducted detailed field observations and microstructure analyses together with zircon U–Pb and muscovite 40Ar/39Ar geochronology on mylonitic granites, aiming to study the deformation features and processes of the ductile shear zone (DSZ) along with their further implications to the gold metallogenic mechanisms of the Hetai goldfield (HGF). The HGF and its periphery have undergone three phases of ductile shear event (DS) since the Palaeozoic: The first DS developed from 468 to 413 Ma, with deformation temperatures above 500°C, accompanied by the formation of large‐scale migmatite and magmatism. The second DS developed from 239 to 211 Ma, with deformation temperatures ranging from 400°C to 500°C and resulted in a low‐angle, top‐to‐the‐SE thrusting. The third DS developed from 198 to 162 Ma, with deformation temperatures between 300°C and 400°C and formed steep, dextral strike‐slip shear zones. The DSs in the HGF have close connection with the gold mineralization. The first DS is coeval with the small‐scale gold mineralization or sulfofication and laid the foundation for later large‐scale gold mineralization. The second DS had no obvious gold mineralization, but the DSZ that developed in this period, together with the earlier DSZs, may have provided a migration pathway for the later gold ore‐forming fluid. Occurrence of the third DS was combined with the main gold mineralization, but the large‐scale gold mineralization mainly occurred during 175–157 Ma, that is, the middle and later periods of dextral strike‐slip. Overall, multiphase DS dominated the large‐scale gold mineralization in this area.

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Genesis of the Taolin Pb-Zn deposit in northeastern Hunan Province, South China: constraints from trace elements and oxygen-sulfur-lead isotopes of the hydrothermal minerals

Zhao

et al. 2020

Miner Deposita

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Origin of the ore-forming fluids and metals of the Hetai goldfield in Guangdong Province of South China: Constraints from C-H-O-S-Pb-He-Ar isotopes

Cited by 13 publications

References 60 publications

The genesis of gold deposits in the Hetai goldfield, South China: New constraints from geochronology, fluid inclusion, and multiple isotopic studies

The genesis of gold deposits in the Hetai goldfield, South China: New constraints from geochronology, fluid inclusion, and multiple isotopic studies

Ductile shear deformation and gold mineralization in the Hetai goldfield of the Yunkai Massif, South China Block

Genesis of the Taolin Pb-Zn deposit in northeastern Hunan Province, South China: constraints from trace elements and oxygen-sulfur-lead isotopes of the hydrothermal minerals

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