Origin of the Galvanic Skin Response.

Abstract

559were used to identify the cells which were preparing for division and colloidal saccharated iron oxide was used to identify the active phagocytic cells. In livers of mice whose reticulo-endothelial system was stimulated by estradiol, it was established that the cells preparing for division and those which had recently divided were actively phagocytic. In livers of mice whose reticulo-endothelial system had been "blockaded" with saccharated iron oxide, it was established that the cells which had phagocytized colloid were able to divide in the process of recovery from "blockade." No evidence was found for a stem cell which proliferates and differentiates to pro-vide the active phagocytic population.

Correlation between Skin Potential Response and Psychopathology in Patients with Affective Disorders

“…Patients with abnormal PI also exhibited an increased number of negative fluctuations of the first derivative of skin potential, both spontaneously and during orthostatic position. Since negative fluctuations of the skin potential are known to depend upon sudomotor activation [18,19], the results obtained support the existence of a larger sym pathetic respose in patients with abnormally high PI scores. Our results are thus compatible with the view that a hyperstimulation of the sympathetic nervous system correlates with increased psychopathology in patients with affective disorders.…”

“…It is a sudden change of electrical activity superimposed on a continuing spontaneous varia tion of the skin potential. After stimulation, an initial neg ative response is found, followed by a later, longer-duration positive response [16][17][18].…”

“…At a normal ambient temperature, palmar skin is 20-40 mV more negative than other skin regions, and after stimulation, an initial negative response is found, followed by a longer-duration positive response [16][17][18], Whilst the origin of this latter component is not well defined, the initial negative deflection has been attributed to sudomotor activation [18,19], Spontaneous or evoked skin potential fluctuations de pend on the integrity of cutaneous innervation and are abolished by dissection of the corresponding peripheral nerve, by sympathectomy, or by iontophoresis with atro pine [16,17,20,21], Conversely, electrical stimulation of the distal end of dissected peripheral cutaneous nerves or postganglionic sympathetic efferent fibers evoked skin potential responses in glabrous skin [17,18,21], Electrodermal activity has been thus taken as a reflection of changes in the sympathetic outflow to the skin.…”

Differentiation of vasodilator and sudomotor responses in the cat paw pad to preganglionic sympathetic stimulation.

“…4). The relationship of this late slow response to the secretary process is uncertain (see Shaver et al 1962;Lang, 1968;Jinig & Kiimmel, 1977), and all results described in this paper refer only to the fast, negative response.…”

“…The 'electrodermal' or 'galvanic' skin responses have been shown to be proportional in magnitude to the amount of secretary activity (Lloyd, 1960;Morimoto, Imai & Watari, 1974), and the skin potential response to sudomotor nerve stimulation has been shown to be similar in magnitude and time course to the potential change recorded with a micro-electrode from the lumen of a single sweat gland (Shaver, Brusilow & Cooke, 1962). Causal association of the transcutaneous potential shift with sweat production is confirmed by the fact that both are abolished by administration of atropine (Jinig & Kfimmel, 1977).…”