Origin of the European cultivated carrot

Banga, O.

doi:10.1007/bf00179518

Cited by 82 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…As a storage root similar to modern carrots, it has been grown in those regions since the 10th century (Mackevic, 1932; Zagorodskikh, 1939). The first domesticated carrots produced purple or yellow roots (Banga, 1963), while orange carrots did not appear in Europe before the 15th century (Banga, 1957a,b; Stolarczyk and Janick, 2011). Recent molecular studies have provided answers to questions concerning carrot evolution and domestication and confirmed that domesticated carrots were derived from wild populations of Central Asian D. carota (Iorizzo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Genomic Region under Selection in Cultivated Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) Reveals a Candidate Domestication Gene

et al. 2017

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Carrot is one of the most important vegetables worldwide, owing to its capability to develop fleshy, highly nutritious storage roots. It was domesticated ca. 1,100 years ago in Central Asia. No systematic knowledge about the molecular mechanisms involved in the domestication syndrome in carrot are available, however, the ability to form a storage root is undoubtedly the essential transition from the wild Daucus carota to the cultivated carrot. Here, we expand on the results of a previous study which identified a polymorphism showing a significant signature for selection upon domestication. We mapped the region under selection to the distal portion of the long arm of carrot chromosome 2, confirmed that it had been selected, as reflected in both the lower nucleotide diversity in the cultivated gene pool, as compared to the wild (πw/πc = 7.4 vs. 1.06 for the whole genome), and the high FST (0.52 vs. 0.12 for the whole genome). We delimited the region to ca. 37 kb in length and identified a candidate domestication syndrome gene carrying three non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms and one indel systematically differentiating the wild and the cultivated accessions. This gene, DcAHLc1, belongs to the AT-hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) family of plant regulatory genes which are involved in the regulation of organ development, including root tissue patterning. AHL genes work through direct interactions with other AHL family proteins and a range of other proteins that require intercellular protein movement. Based on QTL data on root thickening we speculate that DcAHLc1 might be involved in the development of the carrot storage root, as the localization of the gene overlapped with one of the QTLs. According to haplotype information we propose that the ‘cultivated’ variant of DcAHLc1 has been selected from wild Central Asian carrot populations upon domestication and it is highly predominant in the western cultivated carrot gene pool. However, some primitive eastern landraces and the derived B7262 purple inbred line still carry the ‘wild’ variant, reflecting a likely complexity of the genetic determination of the formation of carrot storage roots.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Genomic Region under Selection in Cultivated Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) Reveals a Candidate Domestication Gene

et al. 2017

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“…In a former article (5) it was shown that it is highly probable that the original European carrot material was imported from the Arab countries about the 13th or 14th century . This original material consisted of two types, one purple, the other yellow .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of the original European carrot material

Banga¹

1957

Euphytica

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“…From Persia, cultivated carrot spread to surrounding areas. Orange carrots appear to have become popular in the 17 th century when Dutch and Spanish paintings began depicting orange carrots in market scenes [14], although orange carrots likely originated much earlier [12]. Banga [15] first hypothesized that orange carrots were initially selected from yellow cultivars and this is supported by genetic analyses [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Accessibility of Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativus) Cultivars Commercially Available in the United States

2016

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Increased use of intellectual property rights over plant germplasm has led to a complicated landscape for exchange among plant breeders. Our goal was to examine phenotypic and genotypic diversity present in commercially available carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativus) germplasm in relation to the freedom to operate—the ability for plant breeders to access and use crop genetic diversity. A collection of 140 commercially available carrot cultivars were grown in replicated field trials in the Madison, WI area in 2013 and 2014. Phenotypic measurements were recorded for leaf and root characteristics. Illumina sequencing was used to conduct genotyping by sequencing analysis on all cultivars to understand the range of genetic diversity present. Additionally, the intellectual property rights associated with each cultivar was noted to determine the freedom to operate. We found that although one-third of the commercially available US carrot cultivars in our study are restricted through some form of intellectual property rights, the genetic and phenotypic variability of the protected cultivars does not represent a completely separate group from the available material. Phenotypic analyses including ANOVA and principal components analysis, suggest that many of the traits differed significantly based on market class, but not by whether the cultivar had freedom to operate. The principal components and Fst analyses on the genotyping by sequencing data revealed that carrot market classes (Fst = 0.065) and freedom to operate classes (Fst = 0.023) were not genetically distinct, and that principle components 1 and 2 account for only 10.1% of the total genotypic variation, implying that cultivated carrot germplasm in the US forms an unstructured population. Our findings suggest that the genetic diversity present in carrot cultivars that have freedom to operate is potentially large enough to support carrot breeding efforts in most market classes given present levels of intellectual property protection.

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Origin of the European cultivated carrot

Cited by 82 publications

References 3 publications

Characterization of a Genomic Region under Selection in Cultivated Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) Reveals a Candidate Domestication Gene

Characterization of a Genomic Region under Selection in Cultivated Carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) Reveals a Candidate Domestication Gene

The development of the original European carrot material

Assessment and Accessibility of Phenotypic and Genotypic Diversity of Carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativus) Cultivars Commercially Available in the United States

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