Origin of salts in stone monument degradation using sulphur and oxygen isotopes: First results of the Bourges cathedral (France)

Vallet, Jean‐Marc; Gosselin, Christophe; Bromblet, P.; Rolland, Olivier; Vergès‐Belmin, Véronique; Kloppmann, Wolfram

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2005.08.075

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Gypsum plaster reparations which have been identified in several places (Rolland, 2012) represent a supplementary risk of sulphate contamination (Kloppmann et al, 2011, Vallet et al, 2006, in particular in the context of capillary rise which may lead to dissolution, mobilisation and recrystallization of the calcium sulphates which constitute gypsum plaster.…”

Section: Historical and Environmental Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ambiguity of mono-isotope studies (overlap of signatures of a large diversity of sources) can be overcome by combining several tracers. After rare precursor studies in Venice (Longinelli and Bartelloni, 1978), and Antwerp (Torfs et al, 1997), recent works on stone decay combine oxygen and sulphur isotopes in sulphate to discriminate pollution sources in urban environment (Vallet et al, 2006, Schweigstillova et al, 2009, Schleicher and Hernandez, 2010, Kloppmann et al, 2011. Less "traditional" isotopes have been recently combined with sulphur and oxygen, like boron (Kloppmann et al, 2011) giving hints to the relative role of air pollution (coal combustion), and sea-salts on monument in a coastal setting.…”

Section: Historical and Environmental Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soluble salt sources in medieval porous limestone sculptures: A multi-isotope (N, O, S) approach

Kloppmann

Rolland²,

Proust

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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International audienceThe sources and mechanisms of soluble salt uptake by porous limestone and the associated degradation patterns were investigated for the life-sized 15th century "entombment of Christ" sculpture group located in Pont-à-Mousson, France, using a multi-isotope approach on sulfates (delta34S and delta18O) and nitrates (delta15N and delta18O). The sculpture group, near the border of the Moselle River, is within the potential reach of capillary rise from the alluvial aquifer. Chemical analyses show a vertical zonation of soluble salts with a predominance of sulphates in the lower parts of the statues where crumbling and blistering prevail, and higher concentrations of nitrates and chloride in the high parts affected by powdering and efflorescence. Isotope fingerprints of sulphates suggest a triple origin: (1) the lower parts are dominated by capillary rise of dissolved sulphate from the Moselle water with characteristic Keuper evaporite signatures that progressively decreases with height; (2) in the higher parts affected by powdering the impact of atmospheric sulphur becomes detectable; and (3) locally, plaster reparations impact the neighbouring limestone through dissolution and re-precipitation of gypsum. Nitrogen and oxygen isotopes suggest an organic origin of nitrates in all samples. N isotope signatures are compatible with those measured in the alluvial aquifer of the Moselle River further downstream. This indicates contamination by sewage or organic fertilizers. Significant isotopic contrasts are observed between the different degradation features depending on the height and suggest historical changes of nitrate sources

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Section: Historical and Environmental Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical and Environmental Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble salt sources in medieval porous limestone sculptures: A multi-isotope (N, O, S) approach

Kloppmann

Rolland²,

Proust

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

Self Cite

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“…mortars, plasters and rocks), oxygen fractionation values have also been measured. Values on gypsum and anhydrite should reflect primarily the source of SO 4 2-but also processes that might affect the isotopic composition of the minerals (Vallet et al 2006).…”

Section: Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sulphate minerals can yield sulphur and oxygen isotope data to be used as tracers. In the case of gypsum in the building environment, the use of S isotopes has been interesting to fingerprint the possible sources of gypsum and other sulphates (Pye and Schiavon 1989;Vallet et al 2006).…”

Section: Sulphurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay effects of pollutants on stony materials in the built environment

Sanjurjo-Sánchez

Alves

2011

Environ Chem Lett

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This review discuss the effects that pollutants have on stony materials applied on the built environment, illustrating different macroscopical products (pathologies) that can affect historical and modern architectural works. The impact of the decay processes is related to the susceptibility of the materials, environmental conditions and the kind of pollutants that degrade building materials. Here are reviewed the main decay processes resulting from the actions of gases, particulate matter and solutions (from wet deposition to capillary rising and including circulating waters such as run-off), showing that besides atmospheric pollution, also pollutants rising from the ground can cause important deterioration on building materials. Following, the use of tracers is considered for the study of pollutant sources and migration, including neoformation minerals (that might also constitute markers of environmental conditions) and chemical tracers, giving special attention to isotopic tracers, namely to proposals regarding the use of some stable and radioactive isotopes for the study of pollutants that have strong potential but have not been tested yet are also presented. At the end of this chapter, some final considerations are made on the problem of durability assessment of materials in the built environment and also on the use of tracers to assess the origin of damaging compounds in the built environment.

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“…If the δ 34 S values of these iron sulfides can be assumed to represent the total sulfur isotopic compositions of the ore-forming fluids, their S compositions may be used to trace the source magma (Vallet et al, 2006). The δ 34 S values of sulfides from the deposit range from -4.20‰ to 1.85‰ (average: -0.85‰), al-these samples contain few secondary fluid inclusions of atmospheric origin; this is consistent with observations of fluid inclusion morphologies in pyrite-associated quartz.…”

Section: S Isotopic Compositions Of Sulfides and Their Geological Impmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope geochemistry and its implications in the origin of Yangla copper deposit, western Yunnan, China

et al. 2014

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Origin of salts in stone monument degradation using sulphur and oxygen isotopes: First results of the Bourges cathedral (France)

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Soluble salt sources in medieval porous limestone sculptures: A multi-isotope (N, O, S) approach

Soluble salt sources in medieval porous limestone sculptures: A multi-isotope (N, O, S) approach

Decay effects of pollutants on stony materials in the built environment

Isotope geochemistry and its implications in the origin of Yangla copper deposit, western Yunnan, China

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