Origin of Nanobubbles Electrochemically Formed in a Magnetic Field: Ionic Vacancy Production in Electrode Reaction

Aogaki, Ryoichi; Sugiyama, Atsushi; Miura, Makoto; Oshikiri, Yoshinobu; Miura, Masashi; Morimoto, Ryoichi; Takagi, Satoshi; Mogi, Iwao; Yamauchi, Yusuke

doi:10.1038/srep28927

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure 3A shows the schematic structure of an ionic vacancy in cathodic reaction; negative inner surface arises from polarized water molecule31. Therefore, we can expect that ionic vacancy has the chemical nature of specific adsorption shown by hydroxide ion or proton.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we can expect that ionic vacancy has the chemical nature of specific adsorption shown by hydroxide ion or proton. At the same time, the process of vacancy formation has been theoretically made clear31; the exact equation of motion based on Newton’s second law of motion demands the conservation of momentum at electron transfer in electrode reaction. On the other hand, in accordance with Frank-Condon principle, electronic transfer from or to electrode is so fast that it can be regarded as taking in a stationary nuclear framework, so that the momentums of reactant and activated complex are equalized to zero.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magneto-Dendrite Effect: Copper Electrodeposition under High Magnetic Field

Miura

Oshikiri

Sugiyama

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Ionic vacancy is a by-product in electrochemical reaction, composed of polarized free space of the order of 0.1 nm with a 1 s lifetime, and playing key roles in nano-electrochemical processes. However, its chemical nature has not yet been clarified. In copper electrodeposition under a high magnetic field of 15 T, using a new electrode system called cyclotron magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrode (CMHDE) composed of a pair of concentric cylindrical electrodes, we have found an extraordinary dendritic growth with a drastic positive potential shift from hydrogen-gas evolution potential. Dendritic deposition is characterized by the co-deposition of hydrogen molecule, but such a positive potential shift makes hydrogen-gas evolution impossible. However, in the high magnetic field, instead of flat deposit, remarkable dendritic growth emerged. By examining the chemical nature of ionic vacancy, it was concluded that ionic vacancy works on the dendrite formation with the extraordinary potential shift.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneto-Dendrite Effect: Copper Electrodeposition under High Magnetic Field

Miura

Oshikiri

Sugiyama

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…In the electrode reaction, an electron transfers between the electrode and the reactant. At the same time, the momentum and charge of the electron also transfer to the solution phase, yielding a polarized vacancy 2 . As a result, in case of the transfer from the electrode to the reactant (reduction), negative vacancy is created, whereas for the transfer from the reactant to the electrode (oxidation), positive vacancy emerges.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ionic vacancy is created with the electron transfer in electrode reaction. To conserve the linear momentum and electric charges, polarized embryo vacancy is emitted to solution phase 2 . Since a charged particle like isolated ion is energetically unstable in solution, it is quickly solvated, surrounded by ionic cloud with solvation energy released.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess heat production in the redox couple reaction of ferricyanide and ferrocyanide

Sugiyama

Miura

Oshikiri

et al. 2020

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In order to establish the universality of the excess heat production in electrochemical reaction, under a high magnetic field, as one of the most fundamental electrochemical reactions, the case of ferricyanide-ferrocyanide redox reaction was examined, where ionic vacancies with ± 1 unit charge were collided by means of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow. As a result, from the pair annihilation of the vacancies with opposite signs, beyond 7 T, excess heat production up to 25 kJ·mol−1 in average at 15 T was observed, which was attributed to the liberation of the solvation energy stored in a pair of the vacancy cores with a 0.32 nm radius, i.e., 112 kJ·mol−1. Difference between the observed and expected energies comes from the small collision efficiency of 0.22 due to small radius of the vacancy core. Ionic vacancy initially created as a by-product of electrode reaction is unstable in solution phase, stabilized by releasing solvation energy. Ionic vacancy utilizes the energy to enlarge the core and stores the energy in it. As a result, solvated ionic vacancy consists of a polarized free space of the enlarged core surrounded by oppositely charged ionic cloud. The accuracy and precision of the measured values were ascertained by in situ standard additive method.

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“…Many studies have been performed to solve the above problems by looking at the possible mechanism of magneto-biological effects. Ion cyclotron resonance [10][11][12] , radical-pairs 1,13 and nanobubbles 14,15 were proposed and established as possible mechanisms for interaction of the weak magnetic fields with organisms. However, none of the above listed mechanisms explain the energy paradox of the difference of IN VIVO and IN VITRO sensitivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of the Chemically Induced Polarization of Nuclei in Biology

Vol¹

2018

BIOMEDJ

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There are many observations, scientific reports, and articles about the sensitivity of people, animals, plants, and bacteria to the Earth's Magnetic Field (EMF) and its perturbations-magnetic storms. There are also undesired effects of artificial sources of the extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-FMs) which have been formally evaluated, however, the mechanisms of such influence on health are not yet understood. A hypothesis is proposed here that the relatively long-lived chemically induced dynamic polarization of nuclei in bio-molecules named nuclei magnetic memory (NMM) plays an important role in the nonlinear process of transfer and transformation of energy in cellular structures and organisms. Resonant interaction of the polarized nuclei inside and outside the biological molecules, interaction of molecules and nanobubbles with extremely weak static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs), dramatically improve a coupling and transfer energy between different levels of structural organization of cells and organisms, resulting in sensitivity of living matter to electromagnetic environments. The external magnetic field's influence is possible in a narrow range of magnetic flux density and probably at multimodal resonance.

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Origin of Nanobubbles Electrochemically Formed in a Magnetic Field: Ionic Vacancy Production in Electrode Reaction

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Magneto-Dendrite Effect: Copper Electrodeposition under High Magnetic Field

Magneto-Dendrite Effect: Copper Electrodeposition under High Magnetic Field

Excess heat production in the redox couple reaction of ferricyanide and ferrocyanide

The Role of the Chemically Induced Polarization of Nuclei in Biology

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