“…Aspects of MNCs and gold nanomaterials have been summarized in previous reviews, such as the synthetic methods, the atomic-level characterization, physicochemical properties, and potential applications of MNCs, 16,28,29 as well as the origin of luminescence properties and the synthetic methods for gold nanomaterials. 30 In terms of AuNCs (e.g. thiolate-protected AuNCs), their basic physics, chemical synthesis, and properties (including geometric, electronic, optical, catalytic and magnetic characteristics), and the strategies for improvement of the brightness have been reviewed.…”