Origin of limestone–marlstone cycles: Astronomic forcing of organic-rich sedimentary rocks from the Cenomanian to early Coniacian of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, USA

Eldrett, James S; Ma, Changqian; Bergman, Steven C.; Ozkan, Aysen; Minisini, Daniel; Lutz, Brendan P.; Jackett, Sarah-Jane; Macaulay, C. I.; Kelly, Amy E.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.04.026

Cited by 113 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In several sections in the Anglo‐Paris Basin, Bohemian‐Saxonian Basin and the Western Interior Basin hiatuses have been documented at the onset of OAE 2 [ Voigt et al, ; Jarvis et al, ; Du Vivier et al, ; Eldrett et al, ). In particular, at the Pueblo reference section, a 60–100 kyr long missing time was estimated [see Eldrett et al , ]. A possible hiatus at the base of the Bonarelli Level was postulated by Gambacorta et al [].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset and demise of Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: The coupling of surface and bottom oceanic processes in two pelagic basins of the western Tethys

et al. 2016

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The upper Albian-lower Turonian pelagic successions of the Tethys record processes acting during the onset, core, and recovery from perturbed conditions across oceanic anoxic event (OAE) 1d, OAE 2, and the mid-Cenomanian event I (MCE I) relative to intervening intervals. Five sections from Umbria-Marche and Belluno Basins (Italy) were analyzed at high resolution to assess processes in surface and deep waters. Recurrent facies stacking patterns (SP) and their associations record periods of bottom current activity coupled with surface changes in trophic level. Climate changes appear to have been influential on deep circulation dynamics. Under greenhouse conditions, vigorous bottom currents were arguably induced by warm and dense saline deep waters originated on tropical shelves in the Tethys and/or proto-Atlantic Ocean. Tractive facies postdating intermittent anoxia during OAE 1d and in the interval bracketed by MCE I and OAE 2 are indicative of feeble bottom currents, though capable of disrupting stratification and replenish deep water with oxygen. The major warming at the onset of OAE 2 might have enhanced the formation of warm salty waters, possibly producing local hiatuses at the base of the Bonarelli Level and winnowing at the seafloor. Hiatuses detected at the top of the Bonarelli Level possibly resulted from most effective bottom currents during the early Turonian thermal maximum. Times of minimal sediment displacement correlate with cooler climatic conditions and testify a different mechanism of deep water formation, as further suggested by a color change to reddish lithologies of the post-OAE 1d and post-OAE 2 intervals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Onset and demise of Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: The coupling of surface and bottom oceanic processes in two pelagic basins of the western Tethys

et al. 2016

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“…This reflects the unique environmental and biological conditions associated with the organic-rich Eagle Ford in contrast to the organic-poor bounding units. A more detailed discussion of the astronomical and climate relationships with lithofacies are contained in a companion paper (Eldrett et al, 2015).…”

Section: Accumulation Rates and Lithologymentioning

confidence: 99%

An astronomically calibrated stratigraphy of the Cenomanian, Turonian and earliest Coniacian from the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, USA: Implications for global chronostratigraphy

Eldrett

Bergman

et al. 2015

Cretaceous Research

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152

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“…Farther south, the Cenomanian‐Turonian Eagle Ford Shale of Texas is probably the best studied OAE2 interval in the Gulf of Mexico region (Corbett & Watkins, ; Corbett, Watkins, & Popspichal, ; Denne and Breyer, ; Denne et al, , ; Dodsworth, ; Donovan et al, ; Eldrett, Minisini, & Bergman, ; Eldrett et al, ; Frush & Eicher, ; Lowery & Leckie, ; Lowery et al, ; Lundquist, ; Pessagno, ; Phelps et al, ). Like in the Western Interior, the pre‐OAE2 sedimentary rocks of Texas are enriched in total organic carbon (TOC) up to ~9 wt % (Hentz & Ruppel, ) and contain proxy evidence for seafloor anoxia, including a lack of benthic foraminifera, absence of bioturbation, and enrichment in certain redox sensitive trace metals (e.g., Denne et al, ; Denne & Breyer, ; Donovan et al, ; Eldrett et al, , ; Lowery et al, ). Organic matter content declines, and seafloor anoxia fades just prior to the onset of the OAE2 carbon isotope excursion, which is characterized by an increase in benthic foraminifera and bioturbation, similar to the Western Interior Seaway (e.g., Lowery et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Northern Gulf of Mexico During OAE2 and the Relationship Between Water Depth and Black Shale Development

et al. 2017

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Despite their name, Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) are not periods of uniform anoxia and black shale deposition in ancient oceans. Shelf environments account for the majority of productivity and organic carbon burial in the modern ocean, and this was likely true in the Cretaceous as well. However, it is unlikely that the mechanisms for such an increase were uniform across all shelf environments. Some, like the northwest margin of Africa, were characterized by strong upwelling, but what might drive enhanced productivity on shelves not geographically suited for upwelling? To address this, we use micropaleontology, carbon isotopes, and sedimentology to present the first record of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) from the northern Gulf of Mexico shelf. Here OAE2 occurred during the deposition of the well‐oxygenated, inner neritic/lower estuarine Lower Tuscaloosa Sandstone. The overlying organic‐rich oxygen‐poor Marine Tuscaloosa Shale is entirely Turonian in age. We trace organic matter enrichment from the Spinks Core into the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, where wireline log calculations and public geochemical data indicate organic enrichment and anoxia throughout the Cenomanian‐Turonian boundary interval. Redox change and organic matter preservation across the Gulf of Mexico shelf were driven by sea level rise prior to the early Turonian highstand, which caused the advection of nutrient‐rich, oxygen‐poor waters onto the shelf. This results in organic matter mass accumulation rates 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than upwelling sites like the NW African margin, but it likely occurred over a much larger geographic area, suggesting that sea level rise was an important component of the overall increase in carbon burial during OAE2.

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Origin of limestone–marlstone cycles: Astronomic forcing of organic-rich sedimentary rocks from the Cenomanian to early Coniacian of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, USA

Cited by 113 publications

References 61 publications

Onset and demise of Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: The coupling of surface and bottom oceanic processes in two pelagic basins of the western Tethys

Onset and demise of Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: The coupling of surface and bottom oceanic processes in two pelagic basins of the western Tethys

An astronomically calibrated stratigraphy of the Cenomanian, Turonian and earliest Coniacian from the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway, USA: Implications for global chronostratigraphy

The Northern Gulf of Mexico During OAE2 and the Relationship Between Water Depth and Black Shale Development

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