Origin of heavy minerals in Jamaican bauxite

Hartman, James A.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.50.7.738

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Many previous investigators have appealed to the same process to explain the origin of Jamaican bauxite (Schmedeman, 1948(Schmedeman, , 1950Hartman, 1955;Hill, 1955;Hose, 1963;Clarke, 1966;Sinclair, 1967Sinclair, , 1976. The main arguments against a residual origin are that there are simply too few impurities in most island carbonates to account for the amount of observed soil.…”

Section: Residual Accumulation From Limestone Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main arguments against a residual origin are that there are simply too few impurities in most island carbonates to account for the amount of observed soil. Hartman (1955) reports that much of the White Limestone Group (Tertiary) and Coastal Limestone Group (Tertiary and Quaternary) rocks are composed of carbonates of exceptional purity, with CaO-plus-loss-onignition contents exceeding 99%. Thus, formation of a meter-thick terra rossa soil could require complete dissolution of 100 m of limestone.…”

Section: Residual Accumulation From Limestone Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies

Muhs

Budahn

2009

Quaternary International

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The origin of red or reddish-brown, clay-rich, ''terra rossa'' soils on limestone has been debated for decades. A traditional qualitative explanation for their formation has been the accumulation of insoluble residues as the limestone is progressively dissolved over time. However, this mode of formation often requires unrealistic or impossible amounts of carbonate dissolution. Therefore, where this mechanism is not viable and where local fluvial or colluvial inputs can be ruled out, an external source or sources must be involved in soil formation. On the north coast of the Caribbean island of Jamaica, we studied a sequence of terra rossa soils developed on emergent limestones thought to be of Quaternary age. The soils become progressively thicker, redder, more Fe-and Al-rich and Si-poor with elevation. Furthermore, although kaolinite is found in all the soils, the highest and oldest soils also contain boehmite. Major and trace element geochemistry shows that the host limestones and local igneous rocks are not likely source materials for the soils. Other trace elements, including the rare earth elements (REE), show that tephra from Central American volcanoes is not a likely source either. However, trace element geochemistry shows that airborne dust from Africa plus tephra from the Lesser Antilles island arc are possible source materials for the clay-rich soils. A third, as yet unidentified, source may also contribute to the soils. We hypothesize that older, more chemically mature Jamaican bauxites may have had a similar origin. The results add to the growing body of evidence of the importance of multiple parent materials, including far-traveled dust, to soil genesis. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Section: Residual Accumulation From Limestone Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Residual Accumulation From Limestone Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies

Muhs

Budahn

2009

Quaternary International

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“…It seems, therefore, that soil material of similar composition has been added from outside sources. Mineralogical examination of the limestones and the bauxitic soils of Jamaica by Hartman (1955) has shown that both limestones and soils contain the same suite of minerals. The aluminous lateritic soil of the Dominican Republic contains accessory minerals that are characteristic of volcanic material (Goldich and Bergquist, 1947, p. 77).…”

Section: Soils On Limestonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy of selected soils from Guam, with a section on description of soil profiles

Carroll¹,

Hathaway²,

Stensland³

1963

Professional Paper

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Methods of examination._______________ Mechanical analysis______________ Chemical analysis________________ Mineralogical analysis ____________ Results of analyses___________________ Mechanical composition ____________ Soil reaction. _____________________ Chemical composition______________ Atate clay on volcanic rocks _ _ _ _ Asan clay on volcanic rocks_____ Guam clay on limestones _______ Fossil red latosol_____________ Chacha clay on limestone_______ Chemical characteristics--______ Free iron oxide________-__________. Ion-exchange capacity______________ Organic matter____________________ Mineralogical composition__________ Sand fractions_______________ Clay and silt fractions_________. Soil genesis.__________________________ Evidence from chemical composition. Soils on volcanic parent rocks. _. Silica removal____________. Alumina accumulation___.

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“…The mineralogy, geochemistry and origin of Jamaican bauxite deposits were mostly published in the 50s to 70s (e.g. Hartman, 1955;Burns, 1961;Waterman, 1962;Hose, 1963;Clarke, 1966;Sinclair, 1967;Comer, 1974). More recently, Wagh and Pinnock (1987) reported significant concentration of REE (e.g., in ppm: 390 Sc 2 O 3 ; 1050 La; 2775 ƩREE) in Jamaican red muds (residue of alumina extraction from bauxite by the Bayer process).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of REE-bearing Las Mercedes bauxite deposit, Dominican Republic

Torró

Proenza

Aiglsperger

et al. 2017

Ore Geology Reviews

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Bauxite deposits, traditionally the main source of aluminum, have been recently targeted for their remarkable contents in rare earth elements (REE). With ƩREE (lanthanoids + Sc + Y) concentrations systematically higher than ~ 1400 ppm (av. = 1530 ppm), the Las Mercedes karstic bauxites in the Dominican Republic rank as one of the REE-richest deposits of its style.The bauxitic ore in the Las Mercedes deposit is mostly unlithified and has a homogeneous-massive lithostructure, with only local cross-stratification and graded bedding. The dominant arenito-roundgrained texture is composed of bauxite particles and subordinate ooids, pisoids and carbonate clasts. Mineralogically, the bauxite ore is composed mostly of gibbsite and lesser amounts of kaolinite, hematite, boehmite, anatase, goethite, chromian spinel and zircon. Identified REE-minerals include cerianite and monazite-Ce, whose composition accounts for the steady enrichment in lightrelative to medium-and heavy-REE of the studied bauxites.Considering the paleo-geomorphology of the study area, we propose that bauxites in the Las Mercedes deposit are the product of the erosion and deposition of lithified bauxites located at higher elevations in the Bahoruco ranges. Based on the available data, we suggest a mixed lithological source for the bauxite deposits at the district scale: bedrock carbonates and an igneous source of likely mafic composition.

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Origin of heavy minerals in Jamaican bauxite

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies

Geochemical evidence for African dust and volcanic ash inputs to terra rossa soils on carbonate reef terraces, northern Jamaica, West Indies

Mineralogy of selected soils from Guam, with a section on description of soil profiles

Geological, geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of REE-bearing Las Mercedes bauxite deposit, Dominican Republic

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