Origin of embrittlement in Polyamide 6 induced by chemical degradations: mechanisms and governing factors

Deshoulles, Q.; Gall, Maelenn Le; Dréanno, Catherine; Arhant, Maël; Stoclet, Grégory; Priour, Daniel; Gac, Pierre‐Yves Le

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109657

Cited by 21 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Synthetic and natural polymers, as any other material, experience some type and level of degradation during their service-life, resulting in an alteration of their (mechanical, thermal, optical, functional, other) properties, thus affecting their performance and shortening their useful life-cycle [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The long term behavior of a polymeric material is influenced by its chemical nature, the process conditions used to manufacture and/or to apply it, on the load regime to which it is subjected and, mostly, on the kind and level of environmental exposure in which the material operates, i.e., by its service conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Accelerated Aging Procedures Predict the Long Term Behavior of Polymers Exposed to Different Environments?

Frigione

Rodríguez-Prieto

2021

Polymers

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During their useful life, polymers are subject to degradation processes due to exposure to specific environmental conditions over long times. These processes generally lead to changes, almost always irreversible, of properties and performances of polymers, changes which would be useful to be able to predict in advance. To meet this need, numerous investigations have been focused on the possibility to predict the long-term performance of polymers, if exposed to specific environments, by the so called “accelerated aging” tests. In such procedures, the long-term behavior of polymeric materials is typically predicted by subjecting them to cycles of radiations, temperatures, vapor condensation, and other external agents, at levels well above those found in true conditions in order to accelerate the degradation of polymers: this can produce effects that substantially deviate from those observable under natural exposure. Even following the standard codes, different environmental parameters are often used in the diverse studies, making it difficult to compare different investigations. The correlation of results from accelerated procedures with data collected after natural exposure is still a debated matter. Furthermore, since the environmental conditions are a function of the season and the geographical position, and are also characteristic of the type of exposure area, the environmental parameters to be used in accelerated aging tests should also consider these variables. These and other issues concerning accelerated aging tests applied to polymers are analyzed in the present work. However, bearing in mind the limitations of these practices, they can find useful applications for rating the durability of polymeric materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Accelerated Aging Procedures Predict the Long Term Behavior of Polymers Exposed to Different Environments?

Frigione

Rodríguez-Prieto

2021

Polymers

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“…Both synthetic and natural polymers are vulnerable to degradation at varying levels during their lives, which may eventually lead to alterations in their mechanical, thermal, optical, functional, or other properties. Such vulnerability to the degradation plays a role in impairing the performance of polymers and thereby shortening their life cycles [34][35][36][37][38][39]. The long-term behavior of polymers may be affected by diverse factors, such as their chemical properties, the manufacturing process, and the type and level of environmental exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Accelerated Aging Test to Compare the Thermal Stability over Time between the Mint Lift® and the MEDI ROPE

Park¹,

Kim

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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It is allegedly known that the thermal stability of the Mint Lift® (the Mint Lift® 17 and the Mint Lift® Fine; HansBiomed Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) over time might be lower as compared with thread-lifts processed through ultrasonic molding technology, such as the MEDI ROPE (WSM 19-03; CNG Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi, Korea), because the Mint Lift® undergoes a thermal treatment during the manufacturing process. We conducted this accelerated aging test to compare the thermal stability over time between the Mint Lift® and the MEDI ROPE. Thus, we measured the degrees of strength of the MEDI ROPE, the Mint Lift® 17, and the Mint Lift® Fine at 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, and 17 weeks. Between 0 and 14 weeks, the Mint Lift® 17 and the Mint Lift® Fine had significantly higher degrees of strength as compared with the MEDI ROPE (p < 0.05). At 0, 5, and 10 weeks, the Mint Lift® 17 and the Mint Lift® Fine showed no notable differences in microscopic findings as compared with the MEDI ROPE. At 20 weeks, however, the integrities of the Mint Lift® 17 and the Mint Lift® Fine were better preserved as compared with the MEDI ROPE. In conclusion, our results indicate that the Mint Lift® 17 and the Mint Lift® Fine might be less vulnerable to degradation over time as compared with the MEDI ROPE under thermal conditions.

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“…Moreover, they can be produced from renewable resources, thus offering the possibility of producing fully renewable composites [ 9 , 11 ]. However, besides high processing temperatures, they also have their limitations, such as high moisture absorption and associated plasticisation, leading to a decrease in T g with a concomitant decrease in modulus and strength, and their tendency for chemical degradation (hydrolysis and oxidation), leading to embrittlement [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. One of the first attempts to prepare composites based on PA6 and CeF was made by Sears et al, who introduced two innovative approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Temperature Fibre Direct Compounding of Cellulose Fibres into PA6

et al. 2022

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This study reports on the development of a novel polymer processing approach that combines low-temperature (LT) processing and fibre direct compounding (FDC) to reduce the thermal stress on thermosensitive components that occurs during compounding and subsequent injection moulding (IM). Composites based on polyamide 6 (PA6) and cellulose fibres (CeF) were prepared using an LT-FDC process and in parallel with a conventional approach using a twin-screw extruder and IM. The morphological, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the prepared samples were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), colorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests. Composites prepared using LT-FDC exhibited worse fibre dispersion but lower fibre degradation. In comparison to neat PA6, the LT-FDC composites had increased tensile modulus (Et) and storage modulus (E′) at 120 °C by up to 32% and 50%, respectively, while the tensile strength (σm) decreased by 20%.

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Origin of embrittlement in Polyamide 6 induced by chemical degradations: mechanisms and governing factors

Cited by 21 publications

References 65 publications

Can Accelerated Aging Procedures Predict the Long Term Behavior of Polymers Exposed to Different Environments?

Can Accelerated Aging Procedures Predict the Long Term Behavior of Polymers Exposed to Different Environments?

An Accelerated Aging Test to Compare the Thermal Stability over Time between the Mint Lift® and the MEDI ROPE

Low-Temperature Fibre Direct Compounding of Cellulose Fibres into PA6

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