Origin of coal deposits and associated rocks in the carboniferous of the Appalachian Basin

Sequence Stratigraphy of Upper Mississippian Strata in the Central Appalachians: A Record of Glacioeustasy and Tectonoeustasy in a Foreland Basin Setting

“…Where carbonate precipitation occurred over long periods, the nodules coalesced into a horizon within the lower B-zone of the soil profile. The vertisol textures and calcic nodules that indicate seasonal climatic conditions are consistent with paleogeographic reconstructions that place the central Appalachian basin within the southerly monsoonal belt (5-10 degress south of the equator; Cecil and Englund, 1989;Golonka et al, 1994). Grey-green horizons that cap some of the paleosol profiles may reflect organic matter or impeded drainage through the A horizon (cf.…”

“…Extending into southwestern Virginia and eastern Kentucky, the Pride Shale is distinguished by its considerable thickness, unusual weathering pattern, and distinctive gamma-ray signature. The fine laminae within the Pride Shale have been interpreted as the result of low-energy tidal deposition (Cecil and Englund, 1989) or seasonal oxygen-level fluctuations (Neal, 1994), but conclusive evidence regarding the origin of the strikingly regular and cyclic bedding has been lacking. Detailed analyses of the Pride Shale at the thin-section and outcrop scale indicate that the cyclicity is commensurable with a hierarchy of tidal and climatic periodicities.…”

Glacio‐eustasy and δ13C across the Mississippian–Pennsylvanian boundary in the eastern Paleo‐Tethys Ocean (South China): Implications for mid‐Carboniferous major glaciation

“…The other slump bed in the wackestone-to packstone-dominated interval in the middle part of the studied Serpukhovian succession in the Narao section might also have been triggered by a relative sea-level fall, assuming that they can be correlated with the normally-graded packstone beds of the similar stratigraphic height in the Naqing section (Figure 3; e.g., Martin, Montañez, & Bishop, 2012;Yose & Heller, 1989 (Martin et al, 2012). In the Appalachian Basin, several levels of palaeo-valleys developed across the MPB (Blake & Beuthin, 2008;Cecil & Englund, 1989). In the southern Moscow Basin, the Serpukhovian shallow-marine carbonates (e.g., the Protva and Pestovo formations) were heavily karstified, overlain directly by Moscovian carbonates (Kabanov et al, 2016).…”

“…In the nearby Marble Canyon, the mid‐Carboniferous lowstand in sea level was recognized as parasequence boundaries with local exposure features in the outermost platform to upper slope settings (Martin et al, ). In the Appalachian Basin, several levels of palaeo‐valleys developed across the MPB (Blake & Beuthin, ; Cecil & Englund, ). In the southern Moscow Basin, the Serpukhovian shallow‐marine carbonates (e.g., the Protva and Pestovo formations) were heavily karstified, overlain directly by Moscovian carbonates (Kabanov et al, ).…”

“…Investigations on glacio-eustasy and carbonate δ 13 C across the MPB came mostly from Euramerica, and the studied MPB successions were all deposited in epeiric carbonate platforms that were punctuated by either development of palaeokarsts, palaeosols, and incised valleys, or input of siliciclastics (Barnett & Wright, 2008;Bishop et al, 2009;Blake & Beuthin, 2008;Brand & Bruckschen, 2002;Cecil & Englund, 1989;Davydov & Puchkov, 2009;Dvorjanin et al, 1996;Kabanov, Alekseev, Gibshman, Gabdullin, & Bershov, 2016). Furthermore, the carbonate δ 13 C recorded in shallow epeiric carbonate platforms was either readily altered by meteoric diagenesis given the repeated subaerial exposures (e.g., Algeo, Wilkinson, & Lohmann, 1992;Bruckschen et al, 1999;Saltzman, 2003) or decoupled from the ocean water values due to local processes on platforms (e.g., Brand, Tazawa, Sano, Azmy, & Lee, 2009;Immenhauser, Della Porta, Kenter, & Bahamonde, 2003;Panchuk, Holmden, & Kump, 2005;Patterson & Walter, 1994).…”