Origin, History, and Use of Norin 10 Wheat

Reitz, L. P.; Salmon, S. C.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1968.0011183x000800060014x

Cited by 81 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Genetic breeding is focused on shortening the cereal culm, thus maximizing productivity. Capturing the natural mutation of wheat in Japan, as a gene donor for short straw, and transfer thereof to the United States immediately after the Second World War resulted in the creation of the wheat cultivar 'Norin 10', which has significantly accelerated the process of culm shortening (Reitz and Salmon, 1968). From the agro-biological point of view, the spectacular increase in the grain yield was mainly related to the expected response of highly productive and short-culmed cultivars to continually optimised cultivation methods (Austin et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of biomass and bioenergy in culms of cereals as a factor of straw cutting height

Zając¹,

Synowiec²,

Oleksy³

et al. 2017

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. Cereal straw is an important biomass source inEurope. This work assessed: 1) the morphological and energetic characteristics of culms of spring and winter cereals, 2) the energy deposited in the different aboveground parts of cereals, 3) losses of energy due to different cutting heights. The straw of winter and spring cereals was collected from arable fields during the seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11 in southern Poland. Detailed biometric measurements of culms and internodes were performed. The losses of straw biomass and energy were assessed during simulation of cutting the culm at different heights, up to 50 cm. Longer and heavier culms were developed by winter wheat and triticale and oat. Cutting of straw up to 10 cm did not lead to significant losses in straw yield. The total amount of energy in the culms was as follows: triticale > winter wheat > oat > spring wheat > winter barley > spring barley. Cutting the culms above 20 cm led to significant differences in terms of biomass energy between cereal species. The smallest losses of energy were recorded for spring and winter barley. Oat and barley accumulated the highest energy in grains.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of biomass and bioenergy in culms of cereals as a factor of straw cutting height

Zając¹,

Synowiec²,

Oleksy³

et al. 2017

International Agrophysics

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“…These genes are pleiotropic but clearly impact plant height by reducing sensitivity to gibberellin and thus reducing internode elongation. For more details on these genes see Gale and Youssefian (1985), Reitz and Salmon (1968), Youssefian et al (1992) and other papers listed below. Plants with dwarfing genes are shorter than near-isogenic plants without the dwarfing gene (also known as tall or conventional height plants).…”

Section: Plant Genotype and Plant Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Putting genes into genetic coefficients

Baenziger

McMaster²,

Wilhelm³

et al. 2004

Field Crops Research

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Plant parameters are critical inputs in crop simulation models and allow a general set of algorithms to represent features of specific cultivars. A subset of plant parameters is often referred to as ''genetic coefficients''. However, these genetic coefficients are developed from phenotypic observations, usually have a weak genetic basis, and are at best ''genotypic'' coefficients because they consider the genotype from a very integrative perspective and likely include some impact of environment on the trait or characteristic described. With increased understanding of crop genomes, we believe models can be improved by incorporating genetic coefficients that accurately describe the action of specific genes (within the genome) and therefore better represent the association between gene function and plant phenotype in simulation models. As an example, we discuss how knowledge of height genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, along with stronger genetic and environmental response algorithms, could substitute for the phenotypic parameter ''height class'' in the model SHOOTGRO. We also demonstrate how models containing responses based on known genetic variation can be used to identify traits to incorporate into cultivars better adapted to future climate scenarios. It remains for the geneticist, plant breeder, physiologist and modeler to cooperate and communicate with each other so that genetic information and responses with the genotype and environment and their interaction can be described in models and used to develop cultivars better able to exploit future climatic conditions. #

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“…According to Reitz and Salmon ( 1968 ) records from the Iwate-Ken Prefectural Station show that Norin 10 was 55 cm tall -13 cm shorter than the control variety Norin 1. Despite being seeded in rows 50 cm apart and on land that was heavily fertilized and irrigated, the plants only grew about 60 cm high and did not lodge (Reitz and Salmon 1968 ).…”

Section: The Origins Of Norin 10mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…2.1 ) crossed with one soft "Fultz" and one hard wheat "Turkey Red" variety from the United States. 'Fultz' was fi rst introduced to Japan Reitz and Salmon 1968 ) from the USA around 1892. The exact year that 'Turkey Red' arrived in Japan is unknown but it is thought to have been around the same time (Reitz and Salmon 1968 The term Norin is an acronym of the fi rst letter of each word of the Japanese Agricultural Experiment Station as spelled out using Latin letters.…”

Section: The Origins Of Norin 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…'Fultz' was fi rst introduced to Japan Reitz and Salmon 1968 ) from the USA around 1892. The exact year that 'Turkey Red' arrived in Japan is unknown but it is thought to have been around the same time (Reitz and Salmon 1968 The term Norin is an acronym of the fi rst letter of each word of the Japanese Agricultural Experiment Station as spelled out using Latin letters. The successes of Norin 10 are attributed to Mr. Gonjiro Inazuka, a Japanese wheat breeder who was chief of the Wheat Breeding Program at Iwate from 1930-1935(Iwanaga 2009 ).…”

Section: The Origins Of Norin 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

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