Origin, Evolution, Seismicity, and Models of Oceanic and Continental Transform Boundaries

Gerya, Taras

doi:10.1002/9781119054146.ch3

Cited by 36 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…Incorporating realistic rheology into 3‐D models of subduction, lithospheric deformation, and mantle convection is still a challenge [ Lev and Hager , ; Koons et al , ; Bercovici and Ricard , ; Bercovici et al , ; Sharples et al , ; Thielmann et al , ; Tommasi and Vauchez , ; Gerya , ; Jadamec , ; Sharples et al , ; Coltice et al , ; Holt and Becker , ]. Models presented in this study do not contain elasticity, but instead represent long‐term viscous flow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic drivers of the Wrangell block: Insights on fore‐arc sliver processes from 3‐D geodynamic models of Alaska

Haynie

Jadamec

2017

Tectonics

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Intracontinental shear zones can play a key role in understanding how plate convergence is manifested in the upper plate in regions of oblique subduction. However, the relative role of the driving forces from the subducting plate and the resisting force from within intracontinental shear zones is not well understood. Results from high‐resolution, geographically referenced, instantaneous 3‐D geodynamic models of flat slab subduction at the oblique convergent margin of Alaska are presented. These models investigate how viscosity and length of the Denali fault intracontinental shear zone as well as coupling along the plate boundary interface modulate motion of the Wrangell block fore‐arc sliver and slip across the Denali fault. Models with a weak Denali fault (1017 Pa s) and strong plate coupling (1021 Pa s) were found to produce the fastest motions of the Wrangell block (∼10 mm/yr). The 3‐D models predict along‐strike variation in motion along the Denali fault, changing from dextral strike‐slip motion in the eastern segment to oblique convergence toward the fault apex. Models further show that the flat slab drives oblique motion of the Wrangell block and contributes to 20% (models with a short fault) and 28% (models with a long fault) of the observed Quaternary slip rates along the Denali fault. The 3‐D models provide insight into the general processes of fore‐arc sliver mechanics and also offer a 3‐D framework for interpreting hazards in regions of flat slab subduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic drivers of the Wrangell block: Insights on fore‐arc sliver processes from 3‐D geodynamic models of Alaska

Haynie

Jadamec

2017

Tectonics

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Section: Geodynamics Of Marine Transform Faults and Fracture Zones (Mtffzs) Tectonics And Lithospheric Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key characteristic of transform faults is that they are plate boundaries and thus cut through the lithosphere (see e.g., Bartolome et al, 2012 showing deep strike-slip seismicity nucleating at lithospheric mantle depths of 10 s of kms; see also Gerya, 2016 for a more general review). Continental transform faults may re-use pre-existing fault zones such as sutures and often have multiple sub-parallel strands that define wide areas of strike-slip deformation (see recent reviews by Norris and Toy, 2014;Gerya, 2016;Şengör et al, 2019). In oceanic environments transform faults are typically associated with serpentinization, because large vertical and horizontal temperature gradients and existing, fault-related pathways allow the circulation of large volumes of sea water through the oceanic mantle (e.g., Francis, 3 https://www.flows-cost.eu/ 1981; Ebert et al, 1983;Cannat et al, 1991;Escartin and Cannat, 1999;Früh-Green et al, 2016; Figure 3).…”

Section: Geodynamics Of Marine Transform Faults and Fracture Zones (Mtffzs) Tectonics And Lithospheric Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of models of transform faulting with nonaccreting material have been attempted by Dauteuil et al (2002) and Marques et al (2007). Examples of thermal+dynamical models with accreting plates are the ones by Brune (1972, 1975) using freezing wax that reproduced ridge orthogonal transform faults (see Gerya, 2012Gerya, , 2016 for a detailed review and discussion of this type of experiment). Interestingly, freezing wax experiments are the ones that reproduce best the main characteristics of RRTF, such as the development of "inactive" fracture zones, overlapping spreading centers, rotating microplates and transform faults orthogonal to spreading centers.…”

Section: Tectonic Analog and Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Progress in numerical modeling of transform faults has been recently reviewed by Gerya (2012Gerya ( , 2016. Numerical modeling efforts also began in the late 1970s.…”

Section: Tectonic Analog and Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine Transform Faults and Fracture Zones: A Joint Perspective Integrating Seismicity, Fluid Flow and Life

et al. 2019

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Marine transform faults and associated fracture zones (MTFFZs) cover vast stretches of the ocean floor, where they play a key role in plate tectonics, accommodating the lateral movement of tectonic plates and allowing connections between ridges and trenches. Together with the continental counterparts of MTFFZs, these structures also pose a risk to human societies as they can generate high magnitude earthquakes and trigger tsunamis. Historical examples are the Sumatra-Wharton Basin Earthquake in 2012 (M8.6) and the Atlantic Gloria Fault Earthquake in 1941 (M8.4). Earthquakes at MTFFZs furthermore open and sustain pathways for fluid flow triggering reactions with the host rocks that may permanently change the rheological properties of the oceanic lithosphere. In fact, they may act as conduits mediating vertical fluid flow and leading to elemental exchanges between Earth's mantle and overlying sediments. Chemicals transported upward in MTFFZs include energy substrates, such as H 2 and volatile hydrocarbons, which then sustain chemosynthetic, microbial ecosystems at and below the seafloor. Moreover, up-or downwelling of fluids within the complex system

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Magmatic ignitor kick-starts subduction initiation

Yang

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Subduction is fundamental for maintaining plate tectonics. Magmatic record of subduction initiation offers pivotal clues for understanding the nucleation and propagation of a new subduction zone. However, how subduction is elicited to induce the first-order magmatic observations is yet to be understood. Here, using numerical models, we demonstrate that magmatic ignitor of mantle melting triggered-upwelling along wide and weak fracture zones renders lithospheric mantle sinking and subduction initiation. Progressive decompression melting is sequentially followed by melting of oceanic crust, hydrated and depleted mantle, and sediment of the retreating slab, respectively. This scenario is compatible with the in-situ observations of petrogenesis in the western Pacific, which also explains the enigmatic deferred sediment involvement in the early magmatism. Our self-consistent model indicates that a continuous magmatic ignitor beneath a transform fault resulting in subduction initiation could be a prevalent process in Earth's evolution.

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Origin, Evolution, Seismicity, and Models of Oceanic and Continental Transform Boundaries

Cited by 36 publications

References 176 publications

Tectonic drivers of the Wrangell block: Insights on fore‐arc sliver processes from 3‐D geodynamic models of Alaska

Tectonic drivers of the Wrangell block: Insights on fore‐arc sliver processes from 3‐D geodynamic models of Alaska

Marine Transform Faults and Fracture Zones: A Joint Perspective Integrating Seismicity, Fluid Flow and Life

Magmatic ignitor kick-starts subduction initiation

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