Origin and variability of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) mass concentrations over an Eastern Mediterranean city

Saliba, Najat A.; Jam, F. El; Tayar, G. El; Obeid, W.; Roumié, M.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.03.011

Cited by 105 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This may be because the two sites are located in relatively close proximity to one-another. The PM 2.5 concentrations measured in this work are comparable to those reported elsewhere in the literature (Abu-Allaban et al, 2002;Götschi et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2005;Abu-Allaban et al, 2007;Gatari et al, 2009;Saliba et al, 2010;Boman et al, 2012) for cities such as Beirut (Lebanon), Nairobi (Kenya), Athens (Greece), and Cairo (Egypt) in 2010, as shown in Table 3. However, the measured values are three times lower than those reported for industrial and residential areas in Cairo (Egypt) in 2001 and Beijing (China).…”

Section: Principal Component Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

Elemental Composition of PM2.5 Particles Sampled in Industrial and Residential Areas of Taif, Saudi Arabia

Shaltout

Boman

Almalawi

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This paper describes the first part of a project conducted to evaluate the trace element composition of atmospheric aerosol particles (PM 2.5 ) and to determine their influence on air quality in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. PM 2.5 particles were collected from two different sites (industrial and residential) in Taif during the summer of 2011. The industrial site was situated in the largest industrial area of Taif, and the residential site was situated in the city's most crowded area. PM 2.5 samples were collected on polycarbonate filters using a cyclonic collector. Each sample was collected over a 24 hour period and new samples were collected weekly. Average PM 2.5 concentrations of 47 ± 15 and 46 ± 31 µg/m 3 were seen in the industrial and residential areas, respectively. An Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer with a Mo secondary target was used to analyze the solid samples because of the relative simplicity of the technique for filter analysis. The use of a Mo secondary target is advantageous, because it decreases the impact of continuum radiation from the X-ray tube and increases the signal to background ratio. Quantitative X-ray Analysis Software (PyMca) was used to perform quantitative analysis of the atmospheric aerosols. The analysis resulted in detected concentrations for sixteen elements; Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Pb and Black Carbon (BC). Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) it was possible to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic sources. The measured concentrations of the potentially hazardous trace elements Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni and Pb were below the limits defined by international guidelines and national standards for ambient air quality. However, further long-term research will be required to validate the quantification of trace elements in particulate matter in Taif.

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Section: Principal Component Analysissupporting

confidence: 79%

Elemental Composition of PM2.5 Particles Sampled in Industrial and Residential Areas of Taif, Saudi Arabia

Shaltout

Boman

Almalawi

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The chemical and physical nature of emitted PM can be changed considerably within the atmosphere due to factors such as location, temperature, humidity and the presence of other pollutants (Sloss and Smith 2000). Therefore, the PM 10 concentration in the air is affected by both human activities and meteorological factors (Saliba et al, 2010). Because PM 10 is a sum of various different elements, a total uncertainty of PM 10 concentrations is a sum of uncertainties of emissions and concentrations modelling of individual gaseous and particle pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of WRF-Chem to forecasting PM<SUB align="right">10 concentration over Poland

Werner

Kryza

Ojrzyńska

et al. 2015

IJEP

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Abstract:The meteorological and chemical transport model WRF-Chem was implemented to forecast PM 10 concentrations over Poland. WRF-Chem version 3.5 was configured with three one-way nested domains using the GFS meteorological data and the TNO MACC II emissions. The 48 hour forecasts were run for each day of the winter and summer period of 2014 and there is only a small decrease in model performance for winter with respect to forecast lead time. The model in general captures the variability in observed PM 10 concentrations for most of the stations. However, for some locations and specific episodes, the model performance is poor and the results cannot yet be used by official authorities. We argue that a higher resolution sector-based emission data will be helpful for this analysis in connection with a focus on planetary boundary layer processes in WRF-Chem and their impact on the initial distribution of emissions on both time and space.

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“…So far, the aerosol research has been focused on aerosol optical properties (Elminir, 2005;El-Metwally and Alfaro 2013), airborne dust (monitoring, source region, and transport) (Satheesh et al, 2006;El-Askary and Kafatos, 2008;Reid et al, 2008;El-Askary et al, 2009;Dada et al, 2013;Alam et al, 2014;Gherboudj and Ghedira, 2014;Saeed et al, 2014;Basha et al, 2015), transport of anthropogenic aerosols (e.g., Kuwait: impacts of 1991 oil fire plumes in Kuwait) (Lowenthal et al, 1992;Daum et al, 1993;Herring et al, 1996;Rudich 2003;Tazaki et al, 2004;Bonazza et al, 2007), chemical analysis and gaseous pollution (Shaka' and Saliba, 2004;Kouyoumdjian and Saliba, 2006;Saliba et al, 2007;Mahmoud et al, 2008;El-Araby et al, 2011;Dobrzhinsky et al, 2012;Boman et al, 2013;Daher et al, 2013;Engelbrecht and Jayanty, 2013;Hassan et al, 2013;Waked et al, 2013a, b;Jafar et al, 2014;Roumie et al, 2015), and particulate matter (PM) (Saliba et al, 2010;Khodeir et al, 2012;Habeebullah, 2013;Munir et al, 2013a, b;Rushdi et al, 2013;Shaltout et al, 2013;Alghamdi et al, 2014a, b;Hussein et al, 2014a;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Aerosol Measurement in the Eastern Mediterranean - A Utilization of Portable Instruments

Hussein

Boor

Santos

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Air pollution research and reports have been limited in the Middle East, especially in Jordan with respect to aerosol particle number concentrations. In this study, we utilized a simple "mobile setup" to measure, for the first time, the spatial variation of aerosol concentrations in Eastern Mediterranean. The mobile setup consisted of portable aerosol instruments to measure particle number concentrations (cut off sizes 0.01, 0.02, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 µm), particle mass concentrations (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 ), and black carbon concentration all situated on the back seat of a sedan car. The car was driven with open windows to ensure sufficient cabin air ventilation for reliable outdoor aerosol sampling. Although the measurement campaign was two days long, but it provided preliminary information about aerosols concentrations over a large spatial scale that covered more than three quarters of Jordan. We should keep in mind that the presented concentrations reflect on road conditions. The submicron particle concentrations were the highest in the urban locations (e.g., Amman and Zarqa) and inside cities with heavy duty vehicles activities (e.g., Azraq). The highest micron particle concentrations were observed in the southern part of the country and in places close to the desert area (e.g., Wadi Rum and Wadi Araba). The average submicron concentration was 4.9 × 10 3 -120 × 10 3 cm -3 (5.7-86.7 µg m -3 ) whereas the average micron particle concentration was 1-11 cm -3 (8-150 µg m -3 , assume ρ p = 1 g cm -3 ). The main road passing through Jafr in the eastern part of Jordan exhibited submicron concentration as low as 800 cm -3 . The PM 10 concentration consisted of about 40-75% as PM 1 . The black carbon (BC) concentration variation was in good agreement with the PM 1 as well as the submicron particle number concentration.

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Origin and variability of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) mass concentrations over an Eastern Mediterranean city

Cited by 105 publications

References 26 publications

Elemental Composition of PM2.5 Particles Sampled in Industrial and Residential Areas of Taif, Saudi Arabia

Elemental Composition of PM2.5 Particles Sampled in Industrial and Residential Areas of Taif, Saudi Arabia

Application of WRF-Chem to forecasting PM<SUB align="right">10 concentration over Poland

Mobile Aerosol Measurement in the Eastern Mediterranean - A Utilization of Portable Instruments

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