Origin and utilization of volatile fatty acids and lactate in the rabbit: influence of the faecal excretion pattern

Vernay, M.

doi:10.1079/bjn19870045

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Propionate [36], [43] and butyrate [43] are favored in overweight and obese subjects, suggesting an important role of SCFA metabolism in obesity. Propionate is absorbed and delivered to hepatocytes where is used as a precursor for gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis and protein synthesis [42], [44], [45]. The D2 alleles from two QTLs identified in this study increased the abundance of Bacteroides and Prevotellaceae, known propionate producers [37], [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Murine Gut Microbiota Is Defined by Host Genetics and Modulates Variation of Metabolic Traits

et al. 2012

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The gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex and diverse microbiota that has an important role in host metabolism. Microbial diversity is influenced by a combination of environmental and host genetic factors and is associated with several polygenic diseases. In this study we combined next-generation sequencing, genetic mapping, and a set of physiological traits of the BXD mouse population to explore genetic factors that explain differences in gut microbiota and its impact on metabolic traits. Molecular profiling of the gut microbiota revealed important quantitative differences in microbial composition among BXD strains. These differences in gut microbial composition are influenced by host-genetics, which is complex and involves many loci. Linkage analysis defined Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) restricted to a particular taxon, branch or that influenced the variation of taxa across phyla. Gene expression within the gastrointestinal tract and sequence analysis of the parental genomes in the QTL regions uncovered candidate genes with potential to alter gut immunological profiles and impact the balance between gut microbial communities. A QTL region on Chr 4 that overlaps several interferon genes modulates the population of Bacteroides, and potentially Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes–the predominant BXD gut phyla. Irak4, a signaling molecule in the Toll-like receptor pathways is a candidate for the QTL on Chr15 that modulates Rikenellaceae, whereas Tgfb3, a cytokine modulating the barrier function of the intestine and tolerance to commensal bacteria, overlaps a QTL on Chr 12 that influence Prevotellaceae. Relationships between gut microflora, morphological and metabolic traits were uncovered, some potentially a result of common genetic sources of variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Murine Gut Microbiota Is Defined by Host Genetics and Modulates Variation of Metabolic Traits

et al. 2012

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“…In addition to the more traditional measures mentioned earlier, daily rhythms have been shown for various hematological parameters (51)(52)(53), serotonin concentration in the brainstem (54), content and absorption of volatile fatty acids (55,56), visual evoked potentials (57,58), and intraocular pressure (59,60).…”

Section: Daily Rhythms In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 98%

Diversity and Development of Circadian Rhythms in the European Rabbit

Jilge

Hudson

2001

Chronobiology International

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Three main concerns underlie this review: 1) The need to draw together the widely dispersed information available on the circadian biology of the rabbit. Although the rabbit is a classic laboratory mammal, this extensive body of information is often overlooked by chronobiologists, and despite several advantages of this species. In terms of its general biology the rabbit is the best studied laboratory mammal in the wild, it demonstrates a wide variety of robust circadian functions, and being a lagomorph, it provides a useful comparison with more commonly studied rodent species. 2) The need to more fully exploit a developmental approach to understanding circadian function, and the particular suitability of the rabbit for this. Female rabbits only visit their altricial young for a few minutes once every 24 h to nurse, and survival of the young depends on the tight circadian-controlled synchronization in behavior and physiology of the two parties. Patterns of circadian rhythmicity in neonatal pups associated with nursing do not form a smooth continuum into weaning and adult life, and may reflect the action of separate mechanisms operating in their own right. 3) Using information from the first two points, to emphasize the diversity and complexity of circadian rhythms underlying behavioral and physiological functions in adult and developing mammals. Information accruing on circadian functions in the rabbit makes it increasingly difficult to account for these in terms of one or two regulatory mechanisms or "oscillators." Thus, it is argued that in addition to the reductionist, molecular approaches currently dominating much of chronobiology, the study of circadian systems as emergent characteristics of whole organisms operating in complex environments merits special attention.

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“…Nutrients which escape the digestion, due to host's limited capability of glycoside hydrolases to digest complex dietary plant polysaccharides, are fermented by gut microbes into monosaccharides and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate [11, 48], representing an important energy source for the body. Normal colonic epithelia derive 60–70% of their energy supply from SCFAs, particularly butyrate [49, 50], while propionate is largely taken up by the liver for gluconeogenesis, liponeogenesis, and protein synthesis [51, 52]. …”

Section: Mechanisms Involved In Fat Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a Consequence of Gut Bacteria and Diet Interactions

Kotzampassi

Giamarellos‐Bourboulis

Stavrou

2014

ISRN Obesity

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Obesity is a major public health concern, caused by a combination of increased consumption of energy-dense foods and reduced physical activity, with contributions from host genetics, environment, and adipose tissue inflammation. In recent years, the gut microbiome has also been found to be implicated and augmented research in mice and humans have attributed to it both the manifestation and/or exacerbation of this major epidemic and vice versa. At the experimental level, analysis of fecal samples revealed a potential link between obesity and alterations in the gut flora (drop in Bacteroidetes and increase in Firmicutes), the specific gut microbiome being associated with the obese phenotype. Conventionally raised mice were found to have over 40% more total body fat compared with those raised under germ-free conditions, while conventionalization of germ-free mice resulted in a significant increase in total body fat. Similarly, the sparse data in humans supports the fact that fat storage is favoured by the presence of the gut microbiota, through a multifaceted mechanism. Efforts to identify new therapeutic strategies to modulate gut microbiota would be of high priority for public health, and to date, probiotics and/or prebiotics seem to be the most effective tools.

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Origin and utilization of volatile fatty acids and lactate in the rabbit: influence of the faecal excretion pattern

Cited by 37 publications

References 55 publications

Murine Gut Microbiota Is Defined by Host Genetics and Modulates Variation of Metabolic Traits

Murine Gut Microbiota Is Defined by Host Genetics and Modulates Variation of Metabolic Traits

Diversity and Development of Circadian Rhythms in the European Rabbit

Obesity as a Consequence of Gut Bacteria and Diet Interactions

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