Origin and Hydrogeochemistry of Fluoride in the Context of the Yemen Regime

Abstract

Groundwater is a natural resource that is used in a variety of fields, which has an impact on its quality. In many places of the world, fluoride-enriched water has become a major public health concern. It is necessary to investigate the geochemical mechanism of fluoride enrichment in drinking water. In Yemen, groundwater is the only supply of water, and its quality is critical because it determines the groundwater’s usefulness for drinking and other domestic purposes. The primary goal of this chapter is to gain a better understanding of factors that influence high fluoride levels in groundwater and its impacts from selected parts of Yemen. The elevated ion concentrations in groundwater are most likely due to water-rock interaction, according to the regional hydrogeochemical investigation. The main findings of this review indicate that the children in the area who get their drinking water from wells with high fluoride levels are suffering from dental and skeletal fluorosis. The population in the research area is at high risk due to excessive fluoride intake, particularly in the absence of knowledge about quantity of fluoride consumption.