Origin and evolution of LX4 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in China

Zhao, Wenran; Gao, Mengying; Xu, Qianqian; Xu, Yang; Zhao, Yan; Chen, Yuqiu; Zhang, Tingting; Wang, Qiuling; Han, Zongxi; Li, Huixin; Chen, Lingfeng; Liang, Sophie Hsin-Yi; Shao, Yufeng; Liu, Shengwang

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.014

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Currently, the epitope of Group Ⅱ is widely present in IBV isolates from Asia, America, Europe, and Africa (Fig. 3A, 3B), consistent with the prevalence of the lineage GI-19, the so-called QX-type IBV, in China and worldwide (Zhao et al, 2017). Our results demonstrated that the epitope of the QX type IBV dominant in chicken flocks in China all belonged to this group of IBV strains containing 16R.…”

Section: Distribution Of Group ⅱ Strains Carrying 16r In the Epitopesupporting

confidence: 82%

Peptides with 16R in S2 protein showed broad reactions with sera against different types of infectious bronchitis viruses

Lin

Qian

et al. 2019

Veterinary Microbiology

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Vaccination plays a vital role in controlling diseases caused by chicken infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The continuously variant antigenicity of IBV limits the application of current vaccine strategies and serological diagnostic systems. S2 protein is an invariant that harbors broad neutralizing epitopes. However, little is known about the key amino acids that contribute to the broad-spectrum S2 epitopes. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the specific amino acids contributing to S2 epitopes. Site mutagenesis and peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) showed that 16R in S2 protein was a key amino acid mediating the antigenicity of S2 protein. S2-derived peptides with 16R, but not those with 16 K, could react with sera against different types of IBVs. Notably, a commercial ELISA kit for detection of antibodies against IBV did not react with sera against all types of IBVs. Taken together, these data demonstrated that S2-derived peptides with 16R could be used as novel marker-based antigens for developing both broad-spectrum vaccines and serological diagnostic kits to control IBV.

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Section: Distribution Of Group ⅱ Strains Carrying 16r In the Epitopesupporting

confidence: 82%

Peptides with 16R in S2 protein showed broad reactions with sera against different types of infectious bronchitis viruses

Lin

Qian

et al. 2019

Veterinary Microbiology

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“…The QX-like type IBV is a member of the LX4 group and is one of the most important IBV genotypes globally. The QX-like IBV types have been the predominant IBV type in China since 1999 (Zhao et al, 2017;Jiang et al, 2018). IBV isolates from southern China CK/CH/JS/TAHY Nasopharyngeal swabs 5/5 4/5 3/5 1/5 0/5 Cloacal swabs 4/5 5/5 3/5 3/5 3/5 Control Nasopharyngeal swabs 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 Cloacal swabs 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of a QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in China

et al. 2020

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Avian infectious bronchitis is a serious and highly contagious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). We isolated a highly virulent IBV strain (CK/CH/JS/TAHY) from kidneys of diseased chickens. Phylogenetic analysis based on the S1 gene revealed that CK/CH/JS/TAHY clustered with the QX-like type. The S1 gene has 1,620 nucleotides and encoded a polypeptide of 540 amino acids with typical coronavirus cleavage recognition sites of HRRR. About 1-day-old specific pathogen-free White Leghorn chickens inoculated with CK/CH/JS/TAHY at 10 5.5 EID 50 exhibited clinical signs including coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and tracheal vocalization accompanied by depression with 84% mortality and 100% morbidity. The kidneys of dead birds were swollen and pale and exhibited severe urate deposition. Histopathological examination revealed kidney hemorrhages, multifocal necrosis of the renal tubules and trachea with cilia loss, sloughing of epithelial cells, and edema of the lamina propria. IBV-specific antibodies appeared at 10 D post-infection. Chickens vaccinated with a CK/CH/JS/TAHY oil-emulsion vaccine showed 26.7% morbidity and 3% mortality indicating a protective effect. In conclusion, the IBV strain is a virulent avian IBV and that exhibited severe pathogenicity in chickens and is a vaccine candidate to prevent infection by Chinese QX-like nephropathogenic IBV strains.

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“…More recently, phylogenetic studies have reported that-in addition to the well-established lineages/genotypes such as GI-1, GI-7, GI-13, GI-19, GI-22, and GVI-1-a number of novel IBV variants have been isolated in China (Chen et al, 2015Han et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2016Xu et al, , 2018Zhao et al, 2017). These variants have been proved to be distinct from other reference strains on the basis of genetic characteristics and phylogenetic differences in the S1 gene (Xu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and biological characteristics of four novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in China

Ren

Sheng

et al. 2019

Virus Research

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A B S T R A C TInfectious bronchitis viruses (IBVs) of GI-13 (793/B) and GI-19 (QX/LX4) lineages have been frequently detected in China in recent years. Naturally recombinant IBVs originating from the GI-13 and GI-19 lineages have also been isolated from chicken flocks with respiratory and renal problems in China. Thorough genetic and biological investigations of these recombinant viruses have led to speculation regarding their origin, evolution, and control. In order to confirm the previous results and further extend our understanding about the characteristics of the four recombinant IBV strains we had previously identified (I0718/17, I0722/17, I0724/17, and I0737/17), we conducted phylogenetic analysis by comparing their complete S1 gene sequences with those of 71 reference strains of different genotypes and lineages. We identified a close relationship between the S1 sequences of the four strains and those of GI-13 strains. The results of complete genome sequence analysis confirmed the previously identified recombination events in the four IBV strains and revealed additional recombination events in different genomic regions of strains I0718/17 and I0724/17, suggesting that the two strains originated from multiple recombination events between 4/91-like and YX10-like viruses. We comparatively evaluated the antigenicity, pathogenicity, and affinity of the four recombinant viruses and their deduced parental strains in the trachea and kidneys. Some of the strains showed comparable antigenic relatedness, pathogenicity, and affinity for the trachea and kidneys among each other and with their parental viruses; however, some of them showed varying biological characteristics. Point mutations observed in the receptor-binding domain and hypervariable region of the S1 subunit of the spike protein likely have an effect on these differences in biological characteristics, although the influence of other factors-such as host innate-immune responses and changes in genomic regions beyond the S1 protein-might also be responsible for such changes.

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Origin and evolution of LX4 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in China

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

Peptides with 16R in S2 protein showed broad reactions with sera against different types of infectious bronchitis viruses

Peptides with 16R in S2 protein showed broad reactions with sera against different types of infectious bronchitis viruses

Pathogenicity of a QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in China

Genetic and biological characteristics of four novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in China

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