Origin and Evolution of Deep Brain Stimulation

Sironi, V. A.

doi:10.3389/fnint.2011.00042

Cited by 112 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…With the progressive use of neurotechnology, the noninvasive techniques of noncerebral electroneurostimulation, 66 such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback, [67][68][69] or partially invasive procedures, such as cortical brain stimulation and deep brain stimulation, are increasingly likely to be used in normal subjects to improve psychomotor and cognitive performance, and not simply in patients diagnosed with psychiatric pathologies. 70 Research on healthy …”

Section: Cerebral Electrostimulation Methodologies In Neuroenhancemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping the human: neuroethics and the conciliation of dissonant values in the 21st century

Gini¹,

Larrivee²,

Farisco³

et al. 2015

NAN

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Studied since antiquity, the human brain has recently been the inspiration for an international neuroscientific entrepreneurship, the Human Brain Project in Europe and the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies initiative in the USA. Different in their approach, both regard the human brain as one of the greatest challenges of 21st century science and the organ that makes us "human". However, it is mainly the necessity of developing new therapies that affect up to a billion people worldwide, which has propelled the search for extensive expertise and investment in neuroscience research. The debate on ethical and social policy issues as well as the research and medical strategies of such gigantic efforts has involved participants as diverse as neuroscientists, philosophers, scholars in ethics and law, politicians, and the general public, rendering modern neuroscience an interdisciplinary and conflictual endeavor. In fact, the brain is described as the biological underpinning of our thoughts, emotions, perceptions, free willed actions, and memories, features unique to our humanity. In this review, three neuroscientists and a philosopher from the neuroethics community provide their perspectives for an up-to-date survey of salient neuroethical issues, ie, modulation of free will and neuropharmaceuticals and neurotechnologies that enhance cognitive capacities, as well as an introduction of the reader to the controversial new discipline of neuroethics. Written for nonexperts in the field, it is intended to reflect on and to impart information helpful in understanding the challenges and the perils of modern neuroscience, whose tools are so powerful as to jeopardize what is uniquely "human" through willful mind manipulation. We conclude that, for any future effort to "recreate" the mind and, at the same time, keep what is uniquely ours, it will be necessary to reflect ethically and review carefully man's past best efforts at self-understanding.

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Section: Cerebral Electrostimulation Methodologies In Neuroenhancemenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keeping the human: neuroethics and the conciliation of dissonant values in the 21st century

Gini¹,

Larrivee²,

Farisco³

et al. 2015

NAN

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“…58,59 The first patient treated using brain stimulation was reported by Bartholow in 1874. 61 Direct electrical stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the cerebral cortex or spinal cord could result in potassium release, 62 antiapoptotic, angiogenic, and …”

Section: Brain or Spinal Cord Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental history of neurorestoratology

Huang¹,

Chen²,

Sanberg³

2015

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Abstract:The aim of neurorestoratology is to restore, promote and maintain the integrity of impaired or lost neuronal functions and/or structures, using novel cell-based comprehensive neurorestorative strategies. The purpose of this review is to briefly introduce the developing history of neurorestoratology, which includes neurorestorative strategies, the basis of central nervous system neurorestorable theory, communities in the field of neurorestoratology, and journals related to neurorestoratology.

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“…Throughout the 1800s, animals and humans were studied [196] and the link between electrical stimulation of the brain and actions and developed. Horsley would be the next to advance the study of stimulation.…”

Section: Claimmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because she published in Russian, her works were not well known until 1975 [200][201][202]. McLellan soon followed in the 1970s [196,201,203] but some had so employed DBS dating back to the 1960s [181,185,[204][205][206]. Starting in 1975, Mundinger used deep brain stimulation of the ventrolateral thalamus for the treatment of movement disorders and reported successfully treated cases in 1982 [207].…”

Section: Gabriel and Nashold Statementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development of Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders

Greek¹

2012

J Clinic Res Bioeth

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The development of deep brain stimulation has revolutionized care for patients with movement disorders like Parkinson's disease. Many areas of science contributed to this technology but one area, the use of animal models, has been cited as vital. We review these claims as well as the history of the discoveries that eventually led to deep brain stimulation in an attempt to ascertain: 1) the contributions of animal models; 2) the contributions from humanbased research and observation; and the role of advances in the engineering, physics, and computer science. We distinguish between advances and discoveries that were, or at least appear to be, dependent on animal models and those where animals were involved but that could have occurred, and/or were occurring simultaneously, with humanbased research. We conclude that animal-based research played a role in defining gross anatomy in the 19 th and early 20 th centuries, but that essentially all subsequent advances were human-based or secondary to advances in the physical and applied sciences. This has historical, funding, and ethical implications as the development of deep brain stimulation is cited as an example of the importance of animal-based research and a reason for continued social and financial support of animal models in general as opposed to clinical research, other human-based research modalities, and the various disciplines of the physical and applied sciences.

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Origin and Evolution of Deep Brain Stimulation

Cited by 112 publications

References 55 publications

Keeping the human: neuroethics and the conciliation of dissonant values in the 21st century

Keeping the human: neuroethics and the conciliation of dissonant values in the 21st century

Developmental history of neurorestoratology

The Development of Deep Brain Stimulation for Movement Disorders

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