Origin and evolution of carnivorism in the Ascomycota (fungi)

Yang, Ence; Xu, Lingling; Yang, Ying; Zhang, Xin Yu; Xiang, Meichun; Wang, Chengshu; An, Zhiqiang; Liu, Xingzhong

doi:10.1073/pnas.1120915109

Cited by 92 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Despite the increasing interest in dating the origin and diversification of different groups in Fungi [59], [76]–[79], we still lack detailed information to provide hypotheses on the evolutionary history of Ascomycota. This includes the lichenized euascomycetes, a clade that is key to understanding the evolution of symbiosis in Fungi.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating the Diversification of the Major Lineages of Ascomycota (Fungi)

2013

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Establishing the dates for the origin and main diversification events in the phylogeny of Ascomycota is among the most crucial remaining goals in understanding the evolution of Fungi. There have been several analyses of divergence times in the fungal tree of life in the last two decades, but most have yielded contrasting results for the origin of the major lineages. Moreover, very few studies have provided temporal estimates for a large set of clades within Ascomycota. We performed molecular dating to estimate the divergence times of most of the major groups of Ascomycota. To account for paleontological uncertainty, we included alternative fossil constraints as different scenarios to enable a discussion of the effect of selection of fossils. We used data from 6 molecular markers and 121 extant taxa within Ascomycota. Our various ‘relaxed clock’ scenarios suggest that the origin and diversification of the Pezizomycotina occurred in the Cambrian. The main lineages of lichen–forming Ascomycota originated at least as early as the Carboniferous, with successive radiations in the Jurassic and Cretaceous generating the diversity of the main modern groups. Our study provides new information about the timing of the main diversification events in Ascomycota, including estimates for classes, orders and families of both lichenized and non–lichenized Ascomycota, many of which had not been previously dated.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dating the Diversification of the Major Lineages of Ascomycota (Fungi)

2013

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“…Recently, 16 species representing six types of traps were selected, and the phylogeny of the carnivorous fungi in the phylum Ascomycota was constructed using five protein-coding genes (Yang et al, 2012). Molecular clock calibration based on two fossil records revealed that fungal carnivorism diverged from saprophytism about 419 million years ago (Mya), after the origin of nematodes about 550-600 Mya.…”

Section: (2) Evolution Of Ntf and Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review, we focus on NTF, a heterogeneous group of organisms that can capture, kill and destroy nematodes. These fungi are capable of developing specific mycelial structures, so-called trapping devices (traps), to capture nematodes and then extract nutrients from them (Schmidt, Dorfelt & Perrichot, 2007;Yang et al, 2007bYang et al, , 2012. Most NTF can live both saprophytically on organic matter and as predators by capturing tiny animals (Pramer, 1964;Nordbring-Hertz et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trapping devices of nematode-trapping fungi: formation, evolution, and genomic perspectives

Yong

Zhou

et al. 2015

Biol Rev

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Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are potential biological control agents against plant- and animal-parasitic nematodes. These fungi produce diverse trapping devices (traps) to capture, kill, and digest nematodes as food sources. Most NTF can live as both saprophytes and parasites. Traps are not only the weapons that NTF use to capture and infect nematodes, but also an important indicator of their switch from a saprophytic to a predacious lifestyle. Formation of traps and their numbers are closely related to the nematicidal activity of NTF, so the mechanisms governing trap formation have become a focus of research on NTF. Recently, much progress has been made in our understanding of trap formation, evolution, and the genome, proteome and transcriptome of NTF. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in research on traps of NTF. Various inducers of trap formation, trap development, structural properties and evolution of traps are summarized and discussed. We specifically discuss the latest studies of NTF based on genomic, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses.

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“…Indeed, the importance of JA signaling involves a role in balancing the stress response mechanisms with plant growth, to achieve optimum growth without compromising the stress tolerance. This occurs in collaboration between the JA and gibberellin (GA) signaling pathways (Yang et al, 2012). This cross-talk is clearly important for regulation of the expression of thylakoid membrane and Calvin cycle proteins, which are upregulated in MeJA-treated GA-insensitive ( gai ) mutant compared to MeJA-treated WT (Figure 4).…”

Section: The Role Of Membrane Protein Phosphorylation In Signaling Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

STN7 Operates in Retrograde Signaling through Controlling Redox Balance in the Electron Transfer Chain

Tikkanen¹,

Gollan²,

Suorsa³

et al. 2012

Front. Plant Sci.

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Phosphorylation of the major photosynthetic light harvesting antenna proteins by STN7 kinase balances excitation between PSII and PSI. Phosphorylation of such abundant proteins is unique, differing distinctively from conventional tasks of protein kinases in phosphorylation of low abundance proteins in signaling cascades. Excitation balance between PSII and PSI is critical for redox homeostasis between the plastoquinone and plastocyanin pools and PSI electron acceptors, determining the capacity of the thylakoid membrane to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that operate as signals relaying information between chloroplasts and other cellular compartments. STN7 has also been proposed to be a conventional signaling kinase, instigating the phosphorylation cascade required for coordinated expression of photosynthesis genes and assembly of the photosynthetic machinery. The absence of STN7 kinase, however, does not prevent plants from sensing redox imbalance and adjusting the stoichiometry of the photosynthetic machinery to restore redox homeostasis. This suggests that STN7 is not essential for signaling between the chloroplast and the nucleus. Here we discuss the evolution and functions of the STN7 and other thylakoid protein kinases and phosphatases, and the inherent difficulties in analyzing signaling cascades initiated from the photosynthetic machinery. Based on our analyses of literature and publicly available expression data, we conclude that STN7 exerts it signaling effect primarily by controlling chloroplast ROS homeostasis through maintaining steady-state phosphorylation of the light harvesting II proteins and the redox balance in the thylakoid membrane. ROS are important signaling molecules with a direct effect on the development of jasmonate, which in turn relays information out from the chloroplast. We propose that thylakoid membrane redox homeostasis, regulated by SNT7, sends cell-wide signals that reprogram the entire hormonal network in the cell.

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Origin and evolution of carnivorism in the Ascomycota (fungi)

Cited by 92 publications

References 55 publications

Dating the Diversification of the Major Lineages of Ascomycota (Fungi)

Dating the Diversification of the Major Lineages of Ascomycota (Fungi)

Trapping devices of nematode-trapping fungi: formation, evolution, and genomic perspectives

STN7 Operates in Retrograde Signaling through Controlling Redox Balance in the Electron Transfer Chain

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