Origin and diversification of ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) and ECERIFERUM3 (CER3) genes in land plants and phylogenetic evidence that the ancestral CER1/3 gene resulted from the fusion of pre-existing domains

Chaudhary, Komal; Geeta, R.; Panjabi, Priya

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107101

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…S1 ). We performed a phylogenetic analysis on all CER1 and CER3 homologs using whole-genome sequence data for each of these plant species as well as sequence data for a predicted common ancestral protein, OtCER1/3, from Osterococcus tauri ( Chaudhary et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broad Chain-Length Specificity of the Alkane-Forming Enzymes NoCER1A and NoCER3A/B in Nymphaea odorata

Kojima,

Yamamoto,

Suzuki

et al. 2024

Plant and Cell Physiology

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Many terrestrial plants produce large quantities of alkanes for use in epicuticular wax and the pollen coat. However, their carbon chains must be long to be useful as fuel or as a petrochemical feedstock. Here, we focus on Nymphaea odorata, which produces relatively short alkanes in its anthers. We identified orthologs of the Arabidopsis alkane biosynthesis genes AtCER1 and AtCER3 in N. odorata and designated them NoCER1A, NoCER3A, and NoCER3B. Expression analysis of NoCER1A and NoCER3A/B in Arabidopsis cer mutants revealed that N. odorata enzymes cooperated with Arabidopsis enzymes and that NoCER1A produced shorter alkanes than AtCER1, regardless of which CER3 protein it interacted with. These results indicate that AtCER1 frequently uses a C30 substrate, whereas NoCER1A, NoCER3A/B, and AtCER3 react with a broad range of substrate chain lengths. The incorporation of shorter alkanes disturbed the formation of wax crystals required for water repellent activity in stems, suggesting that chain length specificity is important for surface cleaning. Moreover, cultured tobacco cells expressing NoCER1A and NoCER3A/B effectively produced C19–C23 alkanes, indicating that the introduction of the two enzymes is sufficient to produce alkanes. Taken together, our findings suggest that these N. odorata enzymes may be useful for the biological production of alkanes of specific lengths. Homology modeling revealed that CER1s and CER3s share a similar 3D structure that consists of N- and C-terminal domains, in which their predicted active sites are respectively located. We predicted the complex structure of both enzymes and found a cavity that connects their active sites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although their enzyme activities are different, they are similar in amino acid sequence and probably originated in the common ancestor of the Viridiplantae ( Wang et al. 2019 , Chaudhary et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broad Chain-Length Specificity of the Alkane-Forming Enzymes NoCER1A and NoCER3A/B in Nymphaea odorata

Kojima,

Yamamoto,

Suzuki

et al. 2024

Plant and Cell Physiology

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“…The Arabidopsis CER1 protein is known as a decarbonylase that converts fatty acid metabolites into alkanes. Alkanes are components of waxes in the plant cuticle, a waterproof barrier serving to protect land plants from both biotic and abiotic stimuli [ 53 ]. We searched for carrot orthologous genes and found six putative CER1 genes showing a close phylogenetic relationship with the previously characterized tomato CER1 and additionally six putative CER3 gene models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic control of polyacetylenes involved in bitterness of carrots (Daucus carota L.): Identification of QTLs and candidate genes from the plant fatty acid metabolism

Dunemann

Böttcher

et al. 2022

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Falcarinol-type polyacetylenes (PAs) such as falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH) are produced by several Apiaceae vegetables such as carrot, parsnip, celeriac and parsley. They are known for numerous biological functions and contribute to the undesirable bitter off-taste of carrots and their products. Despite their interesting biological functions, the genetic basis of their structural diversity and function is widely unknown. A better understanding of the genetics of the PA levels present in carrot roots might support breeding of carrot cultivars with tailored PA levels for food production or nutraceuticals. Results A large carrot F2 progeny derived from a cross of a cultivated inbred line with an inbred line derived from a Daucus carota ssp. commutatus accession rich in PAs was used for linkage mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis. Ten QTLs for FaOH and FaDOH levels in roots were identified in the carrot genome. Major QTLs for FaOH and FaDOH with high LOD values of up to 40 were identified on chromosomes 4 and 9. To discover putative candidate genes from the plant fatty acid metabolism, we examined an extended version of the inventory of the carrot FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2) gene family. Additionally, we used the carrot genome sequence for a first inventory of ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) genes possibly involved in PA biosynthesis. We identified genomic regions on different carrot chromosomes around the found QTLs that contain several FAD2 and CER1 genes within their 2-LOD confidence intervals. With regard to the major QTLs on chromosome 9 three putative CER1 decarbonylase gene models are proposed as candidate genes. Conclusion The present study increases the current knowledge on the genetics of PA accumulation in carrot roots. Our finding that carrot candidate genes from the fatty acid metabolism are significantly associated with major QTLs for both major PAs, will facilitate future functional gene studies and a further dissection of the genetic factors controlling PA accumulation. Characterization of such candidate genes will have a positive impact on carrot breeding programs aimed at both lowering or increasing PA concentrations in carrot roots.

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“…Eceriferum1 (CER1) and eceriferum3 (CER3) are recognized as the key genes involved in wax alkane synthesis, which have been identified in a number of plant species, including Arabidopsis, tomato, cucumber, and wheat. 31,32 Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) has been widely used in plant molecular biology research as a model plant. 33 It has also been the focus of scientific research as a result of its importance as an aromatic plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alkanes are major components of cuticular waxes, which serve as a barrier in protecting plants from environmental stresses such as drought and pathogens. Eceriferum1 ( CER1 ) and eceriferum3 ( CER3 ) are recognized as the key genes involved in wax alkane synthesis, which have been identified in a number of plant species, including Arabidopsis , tomato, cucumber, and wheat 31,32 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in volatile profile and related gene expression during senescence of tobacco leaves

Wen

Cao

et al. 2023

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUNDVolatile organic compounds are critical for food flavor and play important roles in plant–plant interactions and plants' communications with the environment. Tobacco is well‐studied for secondary metabolism and most of the typical flavor substances in tobacco leaves are generated at the mature stage of leaf development. However, the changes in volatiles during leaf senescence are rarely studied.RESULTSThe volatile composition of tobacco leaves at different stages of senescence was characterized for the first time. Comparative volatile profiling of tobacco leaves at different stages was performed using solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In total, 45 volatile compounds were identified and quantified, including terpenoids, green leaf volatiles (GLVs), phenylpropanoids, Maillard reaction products, esters, and alkanes. Most of the volatile compounds showed differential accumulation during leaf senescence. Some terpenoids, including neophytadiene, β‐springene, and 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, increased significantly with the progress of leaf senescence. Hexanal and phenylacetaldehyde also showed increased accumulation in leaves during senescence. The results from gene expression profiling indicated that genes involved in metabolism of terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and GLVs were differentially expressed during leaf yellowing.CONCLUSIONDynamic changes in volatile compounds during tobacco leaf senescence are observed and the integration of gene‐metabolites datasets offers important readouts for the genetic control of volatile production during the process of leaf senescence. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Origin and diversification of ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) and ECERIFERUM3 (CER3) genes in land plants and phylogenetic evidence that the ancestral CER1/3 gene resulted from the fusion of pre-existing domains

Cited by 8 publications

References 87 publications

Broad Chain-Length Specificity of the Alkane-Forming Enzymes NoCER1A and NoCER3A/B in Nymphaea odorata

Broad Chain-Length Specificity of the Alkane-Forming Enzymes NoCER1A and NoCER3A/B in Nymphaea odorata

The genetic control of polyacetylenes involved in bitterness of carrots (Daucus carota L.): Identification of QTLs and candidate genes from the plant fatty acid metabolism

Changes in volatile profile and related gene expression during senescence of tobacco leaves

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