Origin and differentiation of microglia

Ginhoux, Florent; Lim, Shawn; Hoeffel, Guillaume; Low, Donovan; Huber, Tara L.

doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00045

Cited by 704 publications

(587 citation statements)

References 150 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

557

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In order to study CX3CR1 on microglia specifically, we made bone marrow (BM) chimeras using WT and CX3CR1-null mice as hosts and congenically marked WT BM as the donor (Supplemental Figure 3A). As microglia are radioresistant and should remain of host origin after irradiation (32), this experimental design allows for comparison of WT and CX3CR1-null microglia after ICH in mice with an otherwise WT immune compartment. CX3CR1-null microglia had a significant reduction in TGF-β1 gene expression at 14 days compared with WT microglia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGF-β1 modulates microglial phenotype and promotes recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage

Taylor

Chang

Goods

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Investigation

219

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

TGF-β1 modulates microglial phenotype and promotes recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage

Taylor

Chang

Goods

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Investigation

219

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…37) Thus, microglia occupy a central position in the defense and maintenance targets in neurological disorders and recovery from brain injury. 38) To explore the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism of compounds 3 and 9, the mRNA expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 were examined by quantitative real time PCR. Real time RT-PCR analysis showed that compounds 3 and 9 significantly down-regulated the mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ent-Kaurane and ent-Pimarane Diterpenes from Siegesbeckia pubescens Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in BV2 Microglia

Lee

Kim

Lee

et al. 2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The extract of Siegesbeckia pubescens herb and its chemical constituents were tested for the ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV2 microglia. The methanol extract and the 90% MeOH fraction of S. pubescens effectively attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production. Several steps of chromatography yielded eight ent-kaurane diterpenes (1-8) and one ent-pimarane diterpene (9) from the 90% MeOH fraction. Among these compounds, compounds 2-9 showed significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia. Compounds 3 and 9 concentration-dependently decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), supported by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. These results suggest that ent-kaurane and ent-pimarane diterpenes isolated from S. pubescens are expected to be potential candidates against neuroinflammation-related disease.

show abstract

“…In the CNS, pattern-recognition receptors are primarily expressed by microglia, macrophages, and astrocytes. Microglia cells are often termed the "sentinel of brain parenchyma" because they are constantly in a state of alert to detect pathogen's invasion through the pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) that they express [116]. They can display two different types of receptors: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are membrane spanning receptors, and Nod-like receptors (NLRs), which are cytoplasmic sensors able to oligomerize and form a platform for the inflammasome [115,117].…”

Section: Inflammasome Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ups and downs of cellular stress: the “MAM hypothesis” for Bipolar disorder pathophysiology

Pereira¹,

Resende²,

Morais³

et al. 2017

IJCNMH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mental health problems constitute the largest single source of world economic burden, with an estimated global cost greater than cardiovascular disease, cancer or diabetes individually. In the European Union mental disorders affect millions of people and these numbers are expected to rise as result of Europe's ageing population. Given the biological causes of many of these disorders, most studies focus on their molecular basis. Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by mood swings between depression and mania resulting in cognitive and functional impairments that require lifetime treatment. Recurrent mood episodes, residual symptoms, functional impairment, psychosocial disability with high rates of divorce, unemployment, drug abuse and suicide attempting, and significant medical comorbidities such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases cannot be efficiently controlled even with proper use of current treatments. Moreover, delayed diagnosis/misdiagnosis is frequent because reliable biomarkers are absent. Therefore, a better understanding of BD pathophysiology is a prerequisite for the design of new drugs and their implementation in clinical practice as well as to develop biomarkers for a more accurate and earlier diagnosis and/or evaluation of therapeutic response. This review summarises the association between decreased cellular resilience towards stress and BD. Since the key stress-response mediator Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) modulate several BD relevant processes such as mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, Ca 2+ deregulation and cytoskeleton abnormalities, endoplasmic reticulum stress responses, loss of proteostasis and inflammasome activation, we propose the "MAM hypothesis" for BD pathophysiology. Targeting MAM-associated signaling pathways can be a promising investigation avenue to identify novel therapeutic strategies.Keywords: Bipolar disorder, Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Mitochondria-associated membranes, Cellular resilience, Cellular stress, Plasticity. Bipolar DisorderBD is a chronic psychiatric illness with a remitting course, affecting 2.4% of the general population [1], characterized by mood swings between manic and depressive states that result in cognitive and functional impairments, high health care costs and premature mortality [2,3]. BD is the sixth leading cause of disability worldwide responsible for loss of more disability-adjusted life-years than all forms of cancer and major neurological conditions [4]. BD is associated with greatly impaired quality of life and increased physical health burden [5]. Moreover, BD patients tend to have high rates of divorce, unemployment, drug abuse and crime as consequence of impaired social cognition, and its impact on patients can be devastating, with approximately 23% of patients with BD reported having suicide attempts [6]. Moreover, individuals with BD diagnosis have a high risk of medical comorbidities such as metabolic (diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome) and cardiovascular disorders [7].Current knowl...

show abstract

Origin and differentiation of microglia

Cited by 704 publications

References 150 publications

TGF-β1 modulates microglial phenotype and promotes recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage

TGF-β1 modulates microglial phenotype and promotes recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage

<i>ent</i>-Kaurane and <i>ent</i>-Pimarane Diterpenes from <i>Siegesbeckia pubescens</i> Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in BV2 Microglia

The ups and downs of cellular stress: the “MAM hypothesis” for Bipolar disorder pathophysiology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About