Origin and Bioavailability of PAHs in the Mediterranean Sea from Mussel and Sediment Records

Baumard, P.; Budzinski, Hélène; Michon, Q.; Garrigues, Philippe; Burgeot, Thierry; Bellocq, J.

doi:10.1006/ecss.1998.0337

Cited by 533 publications

(265 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, PAHs distribution is dependent on temperature (Alberty and Reif, 1988). The ratios of phenanthrene/anthracene (Phe/Ant) within the 3-ring PAHs group and fluoranthene/pyrene (Flu/Pyr) within the 4-ring PAHs group were used to form molecular indices (Colombo et al, 1989;Baumard et al, 1998 stable than anthracene, so at low temperature molar fraction of phenanthrene produced is much higher than that of anthracene. High temperature courses, such as the incomplete combustion of organic materials (coal burning, wood burning, vehicular exhaust emission), are characterized by low Phe/Ant ratio values.…”

Section: Source Of the Pahs Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, Phe/Ant ratio < 10 and Flu/Pyr ratio > 1 indicate that PAHs come from pyrogenic source and Phe/Ant > 15 and Flu/ Pyr < 1 indicate petrogenic origins of PAHs (Baumard et al, 1998). The ratios of Phe/Ant and Flu/Pyr are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Source Of the Pahs Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a group of stable chemicals, are ubiquitous organic contaminants in environments, such as sediments and soils (Hoffman et al, 1984;Jones, 1991;Wild and Jones, 1993;Baumard et al, 1998;Ribes et al, 2003). They have been listed as priority pollutants by both the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and European Union (EU).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils in Beijing, China

Tang

Zhu

et al. 2005

Environment International

279

104

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Soil contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is an increasing problem in many countries, including China. An extensive and systematic survey has been undertaken to evaluate the contamination with PAHs of urban soils in Beijing, China. Soil samples were collected from campuses of universities, schools and kindergartens, public squares, fallow land and roadsides, and were analyzed for 16 PAHs by GC -MS. There was a high variability in the total PAHs (~PAHs) concentrations, ranging from less than 366 to 27,825 ng g À 1 . The highest~PAHs concentrations were found at roadsides and industrial sites. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the important factors that can influence the concentrations of PAHs in soils. It was found that concentrations of~PAHs were significantly correlated with that of soil organic carbon. To trace the sources of PAHs, the ratios of phenanthrene to anthracene and fluoranthene to pyrene were used to identify pyrogenic and petrogenic sources, respectively. In most cases, PAHs in soils in urban areas of Beijing were pyrogenic. These sources included motor vehicle exhausts, industrial activities and coal burning. These data can be further used to assess the health risk associated with soils polluted with PAHs. D

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Section: Source Of the Pahs Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source Of the Pahs Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils in Beijing, China

Tang

Zhu

et al. 2005

Environment International

279

104

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“…The fingerprints of PAHs isomers with the same molecular weight and similar structure have often been used to discern the origin of hydrocarbons found in sediment or soil because of resemble thermodynamic partition and kinetic mass behavior and can be diluted equally upon adjectively mixing with natural particulate matter (Sanders et al, 2002;Baumard et al, 1998;Canton and Grimalt, 1992). In the study, PAHs with 5, 6 rings predominated significantly in the irrigation soils with the ratios of LMW-PAHs to HMW-PAHs in the soil samples less than 0.03 (see Table 1).…”

Section: Source Identification Of Pahs In Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residues and source identification of persistent organic pollutants in farmland soils irrigated by effluents from biological treatment plants

Chen

Wang

2005

Environment International

212

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“…The high predominance of thermodynamically stable phenanthrene on its isomer anthracene is characteristic of contamination by petroleum products. 35 [36][37][38] According to these criteria, the average values of phenanthrene and anthracene found in the present work indicated that SS-PAH are of petrogenic origin. Another ratio, using Antracene/(Anthracene+Phenanthrene), reinforce the origin of these PAHs, since the obtained value was 0.06 and values lower than 0.1 indicate the presence of petrogenic PHA.…”

Section: Sewage Sludge Pah Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Risk simulation of soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sewage sludge used as fertilizers

Paraíba¹,

Queiroz²,

Souza³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Este trabalho investigou a presença de 16 hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) em lodo de esgoto e em solo com aplicação de lodo como fertilizante agrícola e simulou o risco de contaminação por HPAs a longo prazo. As amostras foram extraídas usando diclorometano e em seguida com n-hexano em banho ultrassônico. A limpeza do extrato foi feita em coluna de alumina. As quantificações dos HPAs foram obtidas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um espectrômetro de massas (GC-MS/MS ion trap). Os resultados evidenciaram que HPAs encontrados em lodos de esgoto podem apresentar risco de contaminação de solos. As simulações das concentrações dos HPAs no solo por meio de modelos matemáticos foram utilizadas para indicar uma ordem de prioridade para monitoramento da qualidade do solo: fenantreno > criseno > benzo(k)fluoranteno > benzo(a)pireno > pireno > benzo(b)fluoranteno > benzo(g,h,i)perileno > indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pireno > fluoranteno > benzo(a)antraceno > dibenzo(a,h)antraceno > fluoreno > antraceno > naftaleno > acenafteno > acenaftileno.This work investigated the presence of PAH in sewage sludge and in soil with sewage sludge applied as agricultural fertilizer and simulated a long-term risk of soil contamination by PAH. The samples were extracted using dichloromethane and then with n-hexane in ultrasonic bath. The clean-up of the extract was done on a column containing alumina. The residual PAH were obtained using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (ion trap GC-MS/MS). The results evidenced that PAH concentration levels found in sewage sludge might raise potential contamination risks to the soil. Simulations of the concentrations of PAHs in soil, by mathematical modeling, allowed to indicate a priority order for monitoring soil quality in terms of these contaminants: phenanthrene > chrysene > benzo(k)fluoranthene > benzo(a)pyrene > pyrene > benzo(b)fluoranthene > benzo(g,h,i)perylene > indeno (1,2,3-c,d)pyrene > fluoranthene > benzo(a)-anthracene > dibenzo(a,h)anthracene > fluorene > anthracene > naphthalene > acenaphthene > acenaphthylene. Keywords: sewage sludge, PAH, biosolid, ion trap GC-MS/MS, soil contamination IntroductionPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of non-polar hydrophobic organic compounds comprised of two or more fused aromatic rings.Due to their toxic, mutagenic, estrogenic, and/or carcinogenic properties, sixteen PAH compounds have been identified as pollutants by the US-EPA 1 and seven of them are considered carcinogenic. 2 For this reason, these organic pollutants are considered the most toxic to aquatic and terrestrial life and of high priority in environmental studies: acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b) fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, fluorene, indeno (1,2,3-c,d) Paraíba et al. 1157 Vol. 22, No. 6, 2011 grilled followed by flame-gas and oven grilled dishes. Kulhánek et al. 7 used models, statistical regressions and the PAH bioc...

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Origin and Bioavailability of PAHs in the Mediterranean Sea from Mussel and Sediment Records

Cited by 533 publications

References 0 publications

Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils in Beijing, China

Contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils in Beijing, China

Residues and source identification of persistent organic pollutants in farmland soils irrigated by effluents from biological treatment plants

Risk simulation of soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from sewage sludge used as fertilizers

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