Origen y distribución de arcillas utilizadas en la fabricación de búcaros: bucarofagia en la Edad Moderna

Rodríguez, María del Pilar García; García, Beatriz Álvarez

doi:10.21814/physisterrae.326

physisterrae

2019

DOI: 10.21814/physisterrae.326

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Origen y distribución de arcillas utilizadas en la fabricación de búcaros: bucarofagia en la Edad Moderna

María del Pilar García Rodríguez

Beatriz Álvarez García

Abstract: Este artículo tiene como objetivo general estudiar el origen y la distribución de las arcillas utilizadas para fabricar los búcaros que las damas españolas de la Edad Moderna comían, después de haber bebido sus olorosas aguas. Esta costumbre, llamada “bucarofagia”, estaba muy extendida entre la alta sociedad de la época, aunque su origen se remonta al siglo IX. Citada por numerosos autores de la Edad de Oro, está representada en el cuadro Las Meninas de Velázquez. Los tres yacimientos más importantes de los qu… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications

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Benefits and Risks of Clays and Clay Minerals to Human Health From Ancestral to Current Times: A Synoptic Overview

Gomes

Rautureau²,

Poustis³

et al. 2021

Clays and clay miner.

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Clay, or more precisely, certain clay typologies, have been used traditionally by humans for therapeutic, nutritional, and skin-care purposes though they may be responsible for some relatively rare but significant health and skin-care risks. For example, clay particles could adsorb and make available for elimination or excretion any potential toxic elements or toxins being ingested or produced, but they could also adsorb and make available for incorporation, through ingestion or through dermal absorption, toxic elements, e.g. heavy metals. Geophagy has been observed in all parts of the world since Antiquity, reflecting cultural practices, religious beliefs, and physiological needs, be they nutritional (dietary supplementation) or as a remedy for disease. Some clays and clay minerals are employed widely in both the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries as active compounds/agents and as excipients. In the biomedical field, some clay minerals such as halloysite and montmorillonite are known for their effective role as carriers for the control and sustainable delivery of active drug molecules, and in the biomaterials field some clay minerals are used for scaffold, hydrogel, foam, and film production. Constraints, both chemical and microbiological, on the use of clay-based products for therapeutic and cosmetic topical applications are generally imposed by sanitary regulations, and some solutions are proposed herein to control and reduce such restrictions. Particular emphasis is placed here on peloids and pelotherapy, as well as on manipulated and modified peloids, and specifically on tailored peloids or ‘designed and engineered’ peloids, and their derivatives, bactericidal peloids and ointments. As far as the so-called ‘killer clays’ are concerned, their pre-requisites, mechanisms of action, and disinfection role are also enhanced. Podoconiosis is an environment-related or geochemical disease that occurs in tropical highland areas, and is caused by long-term exposure of bare feet to volcanic, red-clay soil and affects some people, particularly those working in agriculture in some regions of Africa, Asia, and South America.

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Benefits and Risks of Clays and Clay Minerals to Human Health From Ancestral to Current Times: A Synoptic Overview

Gomes

Rautureau²,

Poustis³

et al. 2021

Clays and clay miner.

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Geofagia

Gomes

2022

Rev. Ciência Elem.

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O homem ao longo dos tempos, inicialmente e atualmente ainda em certas regiões do planeta, foi verificando através da chamada Medicina Empírica que certos minerais tinham efeitos positivos na sua saúde. Tal é o caso da chamada geofagia, definida como a "deliberada e incontrolável necessidade de comer terra, em regra, solo argiloso ou argila, tanto pelo homem como por outros animais", ou também como "a ingestão de preparações medicinais nas quais participam minerais", prática ainda corrente em sociedades rurais tradicionais, proporcionava resposta benéfica a certas dietas tóxicas.A geofagia ainda é comum nalgumas comunidades de certos países, particularmente de África (por exemplo, Nigéria, Tanzânia, Gana, Quénia, Uganda e África do Sul), da América do Sul (por exemplo no Perú e Bolívia) e da Ásia (particularmente na Índia e Bangladesh), para fins terapêuticos e religiosos, ou mesmo para matar a fome. 60-90% das crianças (5-14 anos) do Quénia praticam a geofagia consumindo, em média, 20g de solo/dia 1, 2 .A geofagia foi relatada pela primeira vez por Aristóteles e é prática atual em mamíferos, pássaros e répteis. No caso do homem, a geofagia, prática milenar, já foi mais generalizada, mas ainda ocorre em algumas regiões do mundo. A geofagia foi posteriormente descrita por Dioscórides e Avicena em 40 d.C. e 1000 d.C., respetivamente.Efetivamente a geofagia que é justificada em muitas culturas por razões terapêuticas, nutricionais e/ou religiosas, remonta aos tempos pré-históricos e está difundida em todo o mundo. A ingestão de solo argiloso ou argila é uma prática ancestral ainda corrente em várias regiões de todos os continentes, refletindo práticas culturais, crenças religiosas e necessidades fisiológicas, nutricionais ou terapêuticas. O consumo direto das chamadas "terras comestíveis" para fins medicinais e espirituais ocorre em todo o mundo e está profundamente enraizado na chamada "medicina popular" e na religião.O fator religião está bem representado em Chimayó, no Novo México, EUA, onde num terreno localizado na retaguarda do Santuário a argila é extraída de uma cova e ingerida pelos peregrinos, para cura física espiritual 3 . Embora a incidência de geofagia esteja diminuindo no mundo, a prática permanece comum em muitas culturas, com uma proporção significativa de mulheres (65,3%) praticando geofagia antes da gravidez e 46,7% durante o segundo trimestre gestacional 4, 6 .Na maioria das culturas africanas, a geofagia é culturalmente aceite, especialmente entre crianças e mulheres grávidas. Na África, há países onde a prevalência de GiP (Geofagia na Gravidez) até 84% foi observada no Uganda, até 75% no Quénia (onde 70% das crianças em idade escolar são geofágicas), e até 50% na Nigéria, o país mais populoso na África.Os praticantes de geofagia podem consumir cerca de 30-50g/dia, e mais mulheres (par-CITAÇÃO

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Autochthonous or Allochthonous, the Prehistoric Pottery of Cueva de Los Postes

Lattao,

Garcês,

Gomes

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Cueva de Los Postes is located in the southern part of the Spanish Extremadura region, in the Fuentes de León municipality. This study analyzed pottery found during archaeological excavations in Cueva de Los Postes. The aim was to determine whether the raw materials had common or separate origins and determine whether or not the origin of the pottery raw material was regional. In this regard, several pottery fragments were found in different phases (Neolithic and Copper Age) of the Holocene occupation of Cueva de Los Postes. These were analyzed using ATR-FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy). The analyzed samples demonstrated no strong differences in their composition. In order to identify a possible origin for the kaolinite of the analyzed pottery, six samples of clay sediments were taken from inside and around the cave and subjected to ATR-FTIR. This was done to compare their compositions and check for a possible correlation with the pottery. The analyzed pottery, from different stratigraphic units, shows homogeneity in raw material. This finding, and the analyses made of the regional sediments, confirm that the raw material was regional and that there was a continuous use of it.

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Origen y distribución de arcillas utilizadas en la fabricación de búcaros: bucarofagia en la Edad Moderna

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Benefits and Risks of Clays and Clay Minerals to Human Health From Ancestral to Current Times: A Synoptic Overview

Benefits and Risks of Clays and Clay Minerals to Human Health From Ancestral to Current Times: A Synoptic Overview

Geofagia

Autochthonous or Allochthonous, the Prehistoric Pottery of Cueva de Los Postes

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