Origami chips: Development and validation of a paper-based Lab-on-a-Chip device for the rapid and cost-effective detection of 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) and its metabolite, 4-methylephedrine in urine

Abstract

Kirsty J (2020) Origami Chips: Development and validation of a paper-based Lab-on-a-Chip device for the rapid and costeffective detection of 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) and its metabolite, 4-methylephedrine in urine. Forensic Chemistry. p. 100293.

Development of an Electrochemical Sensor Using a Modified Carbon Paste Electrode with Silver Nanoparticles Capped with Saffron for Monitoring Mephedrone

“…These electrodes were also used for mephedrone analysis [43,44]. Mephedrone had already been detected using electrochemical methods [43][44][45][46][47][48][49].…”

Lab-on-a-Chip approaches for the detection of controlled drugs, including new psychoactive substances: A systematic review

“…Then the final group includes several drugs of abuse, metabolites, precursors and NPS that were reported in between 2% and 7% of publications. Importantly, it is worth noting that the existing literature has focused on the detection of the more established drugs of abuse, with only three publications reporting the detection of NPS [20].…”

“…A review of the existing literature shows that there is also significant gap in research using LOC technology for NPS detection with only 3 out of the 45 publications investigating NPS. Two of the articles detected fentanyl using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)-based methods [24,27], and one used a paper-based competitive immunoassay LOC device for the detection of mephedrone and its metabolite, 4-methylephedrine [20]. As the articles were published between 2019 and 2021, this may hint at a potential increase in the number of future publications investigating the detection of NPS, as worldwide prevalence increases.…”

“…Cross-reactivity can have a significant effect on the accuracy of any drug detection methods, however, only 29% of the publications investigated the potential cross-reactivity of cutting agents, diluents, adulterants or pro-drugs using an LOC device [20,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. The most extensive research on cross-reactivity has been carried out on those devices which utilise colorimetric detection.…”

“…While Bell and Hanes (2007) investigated the use of five commonly encountered cutting agents (aspirin, caffeine, dextrose, lidocaine, and starch) and showed no cross-reactivity when detecting amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine and oxycodone [32]. A combination of 11 adulterants, interferents and cutting agents were investigated using a competitive immunoassay by McNeill et al (2021) with no crossreactivity identified in detecting mephedrone and its metabolite 4methyephedrine [20].…”