Orifice plate meter wet gas flow performance

Steven, Richard; Hall, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2009.07.001

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, this two-phase flow behavior is not as complicated as others (Steven and Hall 2009 [dimensionless] is the vapor expansion coefficient. These last two coefficients are calculated according to Miller (1996).…”

Section: = ( Eq 17 )mentioning

confidence: 96%

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

Banerjee

Hasçakir

2017

Day 4 Wed, April 26, 2017

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The volume of heavy oil/bitumen recoverable worldwide is vast in quantity but difficult and energy intensive to extract due to the high in-situ oil viscosity of these unconventional plays. One method of thermal recovery, steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), has proven a commercial success in heavy oil/bitumen production by using steam to raise the temperature of heavy oil/bitumen in the reservoir with a resulting lower hydrocarbon viscosity, shifting the relative mobility of reservoir oil to one favorable for extraction via horizontal wells.However, geological and reservoir heterogeneity often complicate this task resulting in uneven production rates, higher operational costs, and stranded heavy oil/bitumen. This work theorizes that SAGD recovery is improved using flow control devices (FCDs) to force conformance in SAGD laterals. To test this theory, a novel protocol and test flow loop was developed to measure pressure drop across an autonomous hybrid FCD while flowing multiphase mixtures containing steam. This laboratory data was used to qualify existing pressure drop correlations and determine if nitrogen gas, a common test gas to describe FCD pressure drop response, creates suitable data for modeling steam systems. Finally, the flow loop was used to induce a steam "flash", a transition of water at saturation temperature to vapor due to a suddenly decreased pressure

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Section: = ( Eq 17 )mentioning

confidence: 96%

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

Banerjee

Hasçakir

2017

Day 4 Wed, April 26, 2017

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“…Highquality steam is used for injection in SAGD projects, which means that the injected steam behaves as a multiphase mixture of liquid and vapor (Medina 2015). However, this two-phase flow behavior is not as complicated as others (Steven and Hall 2009). Thermal EOR operations use wet steam, a mixture of saturated liquid and saturated vapor, which maintains equilibrium conditions (Chien and Schrodt 1995).…”

Section: Restriction-style Flow Control Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Banerjee

Hasçakir

2017

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Commercialization of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process has made recovery of heavy oil/bitumen possible in a number of reservoirs hindered by hydrocarbon immobility. However, the economics of this process are highly sensitive to the efficiency of steam creation, delivery, and use, with a successful and unsuccessful SAGD well pair often separated by how effectively thermal inefficiencies can be mitigated in the flow profiles of steam injection and/or in emulsion recovery. To improve flow profiles, Albertan SAGD completions have experimented with the addition of flow control devices (FCDs). These completion tools have historically been used to regulate liquid inflow across long producing laterals, adding a variable pressure drop along the lateral to improve the conformance of hydrocarbon production and delay water breakthrough; within SAGD completions, FCDs find novel use to force a more even flow distribution of steam in the injector and a thermally dependent inflow profile in the producer to maximize recovery of heavy oil/bitumen. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of different FCD designs, discussing their respective methods of regulation, the fluid-adaptive behavior of ''autonomous'' FCDs, operational strengths and weaknesses of different commercial offerings, and suggestions on how to use existing pressure loss models for FCDs and apply them to the non-traditional application of regulating SAGD flow profiles, both for equipment sizing and estimation of pressure loss/flow rates across the device. From this work, it is proposed that use of autonomous FCDs in the production lateral are of greater value than use of flow control in the injector; however maximum benefits are achieved by coupling simple orifice-style FCDs in the injector lateral with autonomous, large flow path (nonorifice) FCDs capable of controlling steam flash events in the production well.

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“…Due to their simple design, low cost of production and reliability of operation, differential pressure meters offer some of the cheapest and best performance flow measurement solutions for application in industry. In the recent reports, there are examples of the using orifice plate meters in the measurement of mixtures comprising gas and small amounts of liquids [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Orifice Shape on Mass Flow Measurements of Airwater Mixture

Tomaszewska-Wach

Rząsa

Dobrowolski

et al. 2019

Computational and Experimental Methods in Multiphase and Complex Flow X

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Flow measurements using differential pressure meters are common in industrial applications. In such cases, the flow of gas is often accompanied by conditions that can lead to liquid condensation. As a consequence, flow measurements basically involve gas-liquid mixture metering. For this reason, errors occur in the metering equipment resulting from the variations in the characteristics of the continuous phase that is present in the flow. In addition, the existence of a dispersed phase leads to the development of flow disturbance and pressure pulsations. Therefore, new methods and tools are being sought to enable the measurements of gas-liquid mixture flows that will offer a suitable accuracy of measurement in the instances of flow interference in the form of a liquid phase. This paper reports the results of a study into the application of orifice plate meters for gas-liquid mixture flow metering. The analysis of the influence of the geometry of an orifice meter on the measurement of a two-phase mixture flow was carried out for this purpose. Experimental tests were carried out by application of a standard orifice and three slotted orifice meters with various designs. The experiments included the measurements of air flow containing small amounts of dispersed water in the form of droplets. The analysis also involved the level of differential pressure that is obtained as a result of applying orifice meters, and the level of the permanent pressure loss caused by the installation of an orifice plate. The results of the research were compared with the results obtained for the standard orifice.

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Orifice plate meter wet gas flow performance

Cited by 55 publications

References 4 publications

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Influence of the Orifice Shape on Mass Flow Measurements of Airwater Mixture

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Orifice plate meter wet gas flow performance

Cited by 55 publications

References 4 publications

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

Flow Control Devices in SAGD Completion Design: Enhanced Heavy Oil/Bitumen Recovery Through Improved Thermal Efficiencies

Design of flow control devices in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) completion

Influence of the Orifice Shape on Mass Flow Measurements of Airwater Mixture

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Influence of the Orifice Shape on Mass Flow Measurements of Airwater Mixture