Orienting apples for imaging using their inertial properties and random apple loading

Lefcourt, Alan M.; Narayanan, Priya; Tasch, U.; Kim, M.S.; Reese, Daniel; Rostamian, Rouben; Lo, Y. Martin

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2009.06.002

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The identification of the fruit ends with sending a signal to the controller to open the corresponding latch. Many research works were devoted to issues of apples quality, including: [2,15,16,17,18,19]. However, inspection for damaged, diseased, or contaminated fruit has been hindered by the inability to appropriately orient fruit for imaging and by lack of a method for imaging the whole of the surface of individual fruit [18].…”

Section: Program Controlling the Apple Sorting Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction design of apple sorter

et al. 2018

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Abstract.When assessing the quality of fruit and packaging process, fruit-producing farms owners decide to evaluate fruit by people or automated sorting lines. The purchase of an automated sorting line generates high costs for the company, but it brings benefits in the form of increased work efficiency, and the better organization of fruit packaging and storage processes. The use of that machinery and equipment is common in agricultural farms as well as in fruit and vegetable processing companies. Despite the widespread use of various types of fruit sorters, the analysis of the operation of the designed device and the study of its technological parameters is still a current research problem. During operation of the devices for sorting fruit there are many technical problems affecting technological processes and quality of fruits. In order to improve the efficiency of sorting fruit, this process should be quickly and accurately. The purpose of this paper is to present the automated apple sorter line construction design, and software for quality controlling fruits. Selected elements of the sorter structure including endurance calculation using the Finite Element Method (FEM) and fruit control system using image analysis were presented.

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Section: Program Controlling the Apple Sorting Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction design of apple sorter

et al. 2018

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“…However, because of the fruit size variations and a small shadow created by part of the suspension wire , producing a whole-surface image was not straightforward. Suspending individul fruits from a wire may be inefficient for online applications for whole-surface imaging [32]. Most of the systems described above used a snapshot color camera or a multispectral camera.…”

Section: Vision System Design For Inspecting Whole Surfaces Of Applesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because of the size variations of fruits, producing a whole-surface image was not straightforward, and the method was inefficient for online applications for whole-surface imaging [32]. Currently, no rapid spectral imaging-based whole-surface screening methods are used online for rapid and comprehensive safety inspection of fresh produce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel hyperspectral line-scan imaging method for whole surfaces of round shaped agricultural products

Baek

Cho

Gadsden

et al. 2019

Biosystems Engineering

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The goal of this research was to develop an online whole surface imaging inspection system for round fruit. Many round-shaped fruits have potential consumer safety issues or quality management problems that current real-time hyperspectral linescanning systems cannot overcome. For example, current systems do not scan the entire surface of round fruits due to a lack of access and technical challenges. Previous attempts at developing online whole surface scanners were not successful due to low image quality, hardware limitations, and high system costs. To overcome these problems, this thesis presents a novel technology that uses line-scan hyperspectral cameras that may be readily used in a commercial setting, such as in a sorting line for food safety and quality control. Three main steps were completed in order to develop the system. First, the key-wavelengths and optimal number of wavelengths were determined for detecting various bruises on apples. These parameters were determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and sequential forward selection (SFS) with classification methods. Next, the optimal resolution of wavelengths was determined based on key-wavelengths. This was accomplished by studying 22 combinations, collecting measurements, and then selecting the best combination based on the accuracy of each classification method. The third step was to develop a method for imaging the whole target surface (e.g., apple). The developed method used auxiliary mirrors and a single line-scan camera for deploying in an online system. This research demonstrates that multispectral imaging systems provide cost-effective post-harvest processing of fresh fruit on a commercial processing line by enabling singleinstrument-based whole-surface inspection. The developed system will complement current automated screening and sorting based on quality attributes by the addition of safety inspection. Finally, the developed system enables distributors to provide a highquality product for the customer while reducing the unit cost of production.

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“…This kind of orientation righting device has the high efficiency and can achieve the mass production, but the centering time is long, the structure of the whole machine is complex and the maintenance cost is high in the later stage. The third one is to use the physical characteristics that the uniaxially symmetrical fruits tend to be stable after pure rolling on the inclined conveyor belts to achieve orientation righting and distinguish defective fruits (Lefcourt et al, 2008; Lefcourt et al, 2009; Motabar, Lefcourt, Tasch, Kim, & Rostamian, 2011; Narayanan, Lefcourt, Tasch, Rostamian, & Kim, 2008). Such equipment requires a long slope conveyor and is not suitable for small machines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and experimental research of haw core removal machine based on buoyancy orientation mechanism

Xie

et al. 2020

J Food Process Engineering

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In order to solve the problems of the labor cost and the low mechanization level in the intensive processing of the haw products, a haw core removal machine based on the buoyancy orientation was designed, which solved the two key technical problems including the oriented conveying and the core removal in its coring process. The effects of different cutting edge structures on the force on the pulp and the shape of the final pulp were studied, and the effects of the haw's own shape and the medium flow velocity on the orientation righting rate were analyzed. The results showed that the ratio of height to diameter had a direct effect on the orientation righting rate of hawthorn, and the two unstable equilibrium points could be improved by increasing the flow velocity of the medium. The prototype experiment showed that the buoyancy oriented conveying was a feasible and effective method in the processing of the small‐scale fruit with the uniaxial symmetry such as the haw. In the same scale of the haw core removal processing, its production capacity could be increased by about 30%. The research results provided a basis for the follow‐up improvement of the automatic haw core removal machine. Practical applications The traditional haw deep processing enterprises mostly use manual or semi‐automatic equipment for the haw core removal, which greatly restricts the production efficiency of enterprises. The present study provides an automatic haw core removal processing equipment based on the buoyancy orientation mechanism and gives the optimal cutting edge structure. The experimental results show that the main factors affecting the haw orientation and centering are the shape of the haw and the flow velocity. Furthermore, on the basis of orthogonal experiment, the process parameter surface of the orientation righting rate is established, which can provide reference for the subsequent design of the haw core removal machine and the optimization of the process parameters in the production process.

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Orienting apples for imaging using their inertial properties and random apple loading

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Construction design of apple sorter

Construction design of apple sorter

A novel hyperspectral line-scan imaging method for whole surfaces of round shaped agricultural products

Design and experimental research of haw core removal machine based on buoyancy orientation mechanism

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