Oriented immobilization of Pep19-2.5 on antifouling brushes suppresses the development of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms

Graphene-Based Coating to Mitigate Biofilm Development in Marine Environments

“…Cell membrane integrity was also evaluated by staining bacteria, non-exposed and exposed to GNP 5% ( w / v ) (as described above), with a Live/Dead ® (L/D) BacLight™ Bacterial Viability kit (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Alfagene, Portugal) as previously described [ 47 ] and performing epifluorescence microscopy analysis (Leica DM LB2, Wetzlar, Germany). In this staining, the green fluorescent dye (SYTO ® 9) penetrates all cells, while red fluorescent dye (PI) penetrates only cells with compromised membranes [ 48 ].…”

A guide to functionalisation and bioconjugation strategies to surface-initiated polymer brushes

“…Click reactions, thermodynamically-favoured reactions leading almost exclusively to one product, proceeding quantitatively under mild conditions even in dilute systems, including in biologically relevant conditions, are attractive candidates for end-chain functionalisation of brushes. 125,126 This is particularly important for biofunctionalization, where the amount of ligands available for coupling is intrinsically limited by their production cost and difficulty to scale up, as well as their chemical stability. 126 Several click reactions have been reported for the functionalization of polymer brushes, among them cycloadditions, such as Diels-Alder and alkyne-azide reactions, and thiol-ene couplings, including Michael additions and radical thiolalkene and thiol-alkyne reactions remain the most widely applied.…”

“…198,199 Indeed brushes are attractive substrates for the design of biofunctional interfaces as some polymer brushes display particularly strong protein resistance, 45,191,192,200 even in complex biological fluids, therefore enabling to promote selective binding and capture of biomarkers or cell adhesion for cell based assay design or tissue engineering applications. 13,17,148,149,201,202 The control of these properties can be engineered through the design and selection of monomer chemistry, the architecture of the brush and substrate, the type of polymerisation technique selected and chemical approach used for biofunctionalisation. 203 In this sense, biofunctionalization constitutes an important tool to confer bioactive properties, in which a variety of biomolecules can be chemically conjugated to polymer brushes, such as proteins, peptides, enzymes, among others.…”

“…69 Azide-alkyne cycloaddition has recently been applied for the chemoselective functionalisation of polymer brushes. 202 POEGMA-b-PGMA block copolymers were conveniently functionalised with azides post-polymerisation, via simple incubation in sodium azide solutions, prior to coupling of a strained alkyne dibenzocyclooctyne-conjugated peptide. Such strained alkynes are able to undergo cycloaddition with azide spontaneously, without catalysis, at room temperature, in aqueous conditions and at relatively low concentrations.…”

A comparison of vegetable leaves and replicated biomimetic surfaces on the binding of Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes

“…Surface modification to prevent contamination is a key topic of research and several different approaches have been developed (Matinha-Cardoso et al, 2021;Rajab et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2021;Vorobii et al, 2022). One solution has been the development of biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces, which have shown great potential applications in many fields, including (1) the marine sector to minimize the settlement of marine organisms on boats, ports and any infrastructure kept in the sea for some time (Chen et al, 2021), (2) the biomedical field in tissue engineering approaches, and against bacteria and blood components (Damodaran and Murthy, 2016;Monteiro et al, 2022), and (3) food packaging and food facility scenarios to take advantage of the waterrepellency and anti-icing capabilities of biomimetic coatings (Alon et al, 2022;Lazzini et al, 2017;Zouaghi et al, 2019).…”