Oriented cell divisions in epithelia: from force generation to force anisotropy by tension, shape and vertices

Leen, Eric van; Pietro, Florencia di; Bellaı̈che, Yohanns

doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.013

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…2B). Cell shape, adhesion geometry, cellular junctions and mechanical tension are other factors determining spindle orientation and positioning (Finegan and Bergstralh, 2019;van Leen et al, 2020;Li et al, 2019). Finally, as seen in Drosophila and C. elegans neuroblasts, measurable dynamic changes in the cell cortex during anaphase can induce sibling cell size asymmetry (Fig.…”

Section: Spindle and Cell Size Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Principles and mechanisms of asymmetric cell division

2020

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Asymmetric cell division (ACD) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike to control cell fate and generate cell diversity. A detailed mechanistic understanding of ACD is therefore necessary to understand cell fate decisions in health and disease. ACD can be manifested in the biased segregation of macromolecules, the differential partitioning of cell organelles, or differences in sibling cell size or shape. These events are usually preceded by and influenced by symmetry breaking events and cell polarization. In this Review, we focus predominantly on cell intrinsic mechanisms and their contribution to cell polarization, ACD and binary cell fate decisions. We discuss examples of polarized systems and detail how polarization is established and, whenever possible, how it contributes to ACD. Established and emerging model organisms will be considered alike, illuminating both welldocumented and underexplored forms of polarization and ACD.

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Section: Spindle and Cell Size Asymmetrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Principles and mechanisms of asymmetric cell division

2020

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“…In a flat, stretched epithelium rounding cells may pull on their neighbors, while in a dense crowded tissue, they are more likely to have to push. Pulling and pushing forces associated with mitotic rounding have been quantified using traction force microscopy in epithelial monolayers (Uroz et al, 2018) and by the deformation of micro-fabricated pillars surrounding rounding cells (Sorce et al, 2015). Because of their increased cortical stiffness, mitotic cells are more resistant to cell deformation and therefore tissue-level forces.…”

Section: The Function Of Mitotic Stiffening: Generating Space To Dividementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, monolayers of epithelial cell lines have been used to model tissue. In MDCK monolayers on a soft substrate, traction force microscopy shows that mitotic cells exert forces both on neighboring cells and on the substrate as they round up and divide (Uroz et al, 2018). Sorce and colleagues used the deformation of soft micropillars to measure the outwards force applied by MDCK cells as they entered mitosis.…”

Section: The Mechanics Of Dividing In a Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to parallel/perpendicular division orientation, the angle of division within the epithelial plane can also affect tissue morphology, for example by promoting uniaxial growth and elongation or to relieve tissue tension (Wyatt et al, 2015). Spindle orientation in symmetrically dividing cells relies on a combination of sensing of cortical cues, cell junctions and cell shape as well as mechanical factors and has been comprehensively reviewed elsewhere (di Pietro et al, 2016;van Leen et al, 2020). In addition, changes in cell shape and mechanics during division play a role in asymmetrical cell division, where unequal segregation of cytoplasmic or cortical factors results in two daughter cells of different fate and also, frequently, of different size.…”

Section: Mitotic Rounding In Tissue Homeostasis and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mechanics of Mitotic Cell Rounding

Taubenberger

Baum

Matthews

2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

114

118

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When animal cells enter mitosis, they round up to become spherical. This shape change is accompanied by changes in mechanical properties. Multiple studies using different measurement methods have revealed that cell surface tension, intracellular pressure and cortical stiffness increase upon entry into mitosis. These cell-scale, biophysical changes are driven by alterations in the composition and architecture of the contractile actomyosin cortex together with osmotic swelling and enable a mitotic cell to exert force against the environment. When the ability of cells to round is limited, for example by physical confinement, cells suffer severe defects in spindle assembly and cell division. The requirement to push against the environment to create space for spindle formation is especially important for cells dividing in tissues. Here we summarize the evidence and the tools used to show that cells exert rounding forces in mitosis in vitro and in vivo, review the molecular basis for this force generation and discuss its function for ensuring successful cell division in single cells and for cells dividing in normal or diseased tissues.

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“…Daughter cell positioning is coordinated by a complex interplay of responses to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. These cues can include receptors at cell-cell contact sites and the extracellular matrix, and non-chemical influences such as cell geometry and tissue tension 3 . Cues are translated to daughter cell positioning through cell activities such as remodelling of junctions and orienting of the mitotic spindle 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scribble-E-cadherin complex controls daughter cell patterning by multiple mechanisms

Chann

Chen

Kinwel

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The fate of the two daughter cells is intimately connected to their positioning, which is in turn regulated by cell junction remodelling and orientation of the mitotic spindle. How multiple cues are integrated to dictate the ultimate patterning of daughters is not clear. Here, we identify novel mechanisms of regulation of daughter positioning in single MCF10A cells. The polarity protein, Scribble, links E-cadherin to NuMA and Arp2/3 signalling for sequential roles in daughter positioning. First Scribble transmits cues from E-cadherin localised in retraction fibres to control orientation of the mitotic spindle. Second, Scribble re-locates to the junction between the two daughters to allow a new E-cadherin-based-interface to form between them, influencing the width of the nascent daughter-daughter junction, generation of filopodia and subsequent cell patterning. Thus, E-cadherin and Scribble dynamically relocate to different intracellular sites during cell division to orient the mitotic spindle and control placement of the daughter cells after cell division.

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Oriented cell divisions in epithelia: from force generation to force anisotropy by tension, shape and vertices

Cited by 39 publications

References 64 publications

Principles and mechanisms of asymmetric cell division

Principles and mechanisms of asymmetric cell division

The Mechanics of Mitotic Cell Rounding

A Scribble-E-cadherin complex controls daughter cell patterning by multiple mechanisms

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