Oriented cartilage extracellular matrix-derived scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering

Silk fibroin/cartilage extracellular matrix scaffolds with sequential delivery of TGF-β3 for chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells

“…3 Briefly, a plastic syringe with a flat bottom was surrounded by thermal insulation polystyrene material except for the top and bottom, and a mixed slurry with different composite of S/D at 3 wt% was loaded to form a mold-slurry device, which was placed onto the top of a cold liquid bath at −20°C to from a temperature gradient from the bottom to the top of the slurry. During the cold process, ice crystals in the slurry were formed and grew longitudinally from the bottom to the top.…”

“…Previous studies of cartilage tissue engineering have focused on scaffolds, seed cells, growth factors and other facets. [3][4][5] However, the current regenerated cartilage in vitro is unsatisfactory for fabrication of ideal three dimensional (3-D) microenvironment because of non-homogeneous cartilage architecture, poor mechanical property and unfeasible controlled release system for growth factors. 6 To overcome the problems of non-homogeneous architecture and poor mechanical properties of scaffolds, recent studies have found that oriented scaffolds, which can mimic the native cartilage structure, could better regulate the distribution, alignment, and migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or chondrocytes compared with a non-oriented scaffold.…”

“…5 However, the optimal scaffold matrix derived from both natural and synthetic materials is required for cartilage tissue engineering. 3 Decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix (DC-ECM) prepared by removing chondrocytes from native cartilage tissue could preserve most of the main ECM constituents of native cartilage, including glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II. The scaffolds derived from DC-ECM possess excellent biocompatibility and provide a natural microenvironment for supporting MSC attachment, proliferation and differentiation into chondrocytes.…”

Controlled release of transforming growth factor-β3 from cartilage-extra-cellular-matrix-derived scaffolds to promote chondrogenesis of human-joint-tissue-derived stem cells

“…heart valves, blood vessels, skin and cartilage [8,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]) scaffolds. In the case of articular cartilage, numerous studies have demonstrated that scaffolds derived from devitalized cartilage are chondroinductive and show great promise for regenerating damaged joints [8,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward Quality Cartilage Using Fibrinogen‐Based Nanofibers

“…[13,14] Recent findings demonstrated that oriented nanofibrous scaffolds have the potential for engineering blood vessels, [12] neural tissue, [15] and ligaments, [16] for cartilage, however, such studies are rather missing or incomplete. [17][18][19] Another important issue is the source of the cells that might promise proper cartilage repair. Vacanti's research group successfully produced hyaline-like tissue from adult bovine chondrocytes using polylactic-polyglycolic acid matrices.…”