Orientation specificity of cells in cat striate cortex.

Henry, G H; Dreher, Bogdan; Bishop, Peter

doi:10.1152/jn.1974.37.6.1394

Cited by 244 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…The specificity of response in these cells is largely independent of the type of edge (light or dark) used as the stimulus. For example, orientation specificity curves are similar for light and dark edges (Henry et al 1974) and the present study has also revealed a basic resemblance in the velocity tuning curves for the two types of edge (see Table 1). Even where the optimal velocity differed for the two types of edge, the range of effective stimulus velocities was usually similar.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

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The influence of stimulus velocity on the responses of single neurones in the striate cortex.

Goodwin¹,

Henry²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Using a multi-histogram technique forty-seven response-velocity curves were prepared for a variety of visual stimuli presented to twenty-one cells in the striate cortex of the anaesthetized, paralysed cat.2. The character of each velocity-response curve varied according to the measurement used in assessing a response. Reasons are advanced for sampling the response over a single bin of short duration at the peak of the discharge in each average response histogram.3. The sharpness of tuning varied markedly throughout the population of cells but it was not possible to establish any definitive class differences.4. For simple and complex cell categories there was considerable overlap in both the range of effective stimulus velocities and the distribution of the optimal velocities. An observation not emphasized in the past was that some simple cells responded to very fast stimuli while a number of complex cells were driven by very slowly moving stimuli.5. Generally changes in stimulus parameters such as the polarity of contrast of a moving edge, its orientation or direction of movement produced only slight modifications in the profile of the velocity-response curve.6. The abolition of the response of simple cells that failed to be driven by rapidly moving stimuli was shown to be due to the entry of the stimulus into the inhibitory flank distal to the discharge region. When the movement of the stimulus was confined to the discharge region there was little evidence of velocity dependence in the response. The duration over which the inhibition from the distal flank remained effective was evaluated for representative simple cells.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The basic principles of our methods have been described in detail elsewhere (see particularly Bishop, Coombs & Henry, 1971;Henry, Dreher & Bishop, 1974;Henry, Bishop, Tupper & Dreher, 1973), and an outline only is presented here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of stimulus velocity on the responses of single neurones in the striate cortex.

Goodwin¹,

Henry²

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Our previous work on spatial summation (Zumbroich & Blakemore, 1987) (Rose & Blakemore, 1974;Henry, Dreher & Bishop, 1974;Hammond & Andrews, 1978). The much broader average value of half-width (51-4 deg) reported previously for p.m.l.s.…”

Section: Qualitative Analysis Of Stimulus Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 75%

Stimulus selectivity and functional organization in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortex of the cat.

Blakemore¹,

Zumbroich²

1987

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. We have examined the responses of cells in the postero-medial and posterolateral lateral suprasylvian areas (p.m.l.s./p.l.l.s.) in the medial and lateral banks of the middle suprasylvian sulcus of the anaesthetized, paralysed cat.2. Visual responses were assessed qualitatively (for projected spot and bar stimuli) and quantitatively (for drifting, high-contrast gratings of optimum spatial and temporal frequencies, but varying in orientation and direction of drift). There was excellent agreement between qualitative and quantitative estimates of preferred direction of motion.3. Comparison of responses to motion in the preferred direction and the opposite direction confirmed that the percentage of units with strong directional preference is higher in this region of cortex than in other cortical and subcortical visual structures so far investigated.4. Cells were comparatively well 'tuned' for the direction of motion of a grating: on average the half-width at half-amplitude for the variation in response around the principal preferred direction was 23-2 deg for p.m.l.s. and 25-3 deg for p.l.l.s., thus falling within the range found for complex cells in area 17. In this and other aspects of their direction selectivity, neurones in p.m.l.s. and p.l.l.s. were very similar to each other.5. Quantitative analysis of the direction-response functions revealed them frequently to be more complex than previously described. For many cells there were subsidiary response peaks in addition to the main peak at the principal preferred direction. Often there was an accessory peak 180 deg from the optimum direction (i.e. directional preference was incomplete), but there was also a clear tendency for responses to be specifically elevated for directions orthogonal to the principal direction.6. Tests with stationary, contrast-modulated gratings of the optimum spatial frequency, but differing in orientation, revealed that neurones responsive to such stimuli (though limited to about half the population) were orientation selective, their preferred orientations for stationary and drifting gratings being very similar.7. The functional architecture of the lateral suprasylvian cortex was studied by means of single and multiple penetrations at different angles to the cortical surface: in most penetrations in p.m.l.s. the preferred directions of cells tended to shift progressively in small steps across the cortex, at a maximum rate of about 360 deg C. BLAKEMORE AND T. J. ZUMBROICH mm-'. However, there were occasional 180 deg differences between neighbouring recording sites or between cells recorded at different depths within a single radial column. Thus, the local sequential representation across the cortical surface seems to relate to stimulus orientation or axis of motion, rather than to the direction of movement.

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“…A paradigm using human visual anisotropy is appropriate for the following reasons. Electrophysiological study of the cat visual cortex finds a somewhat greater number of units responsive to vertical or horizontal stimuli than to oblique stimuli (Henry, Dreher, & Bishop, 1974). This preference for vertical and horizontal orientations provides a feasible mechanism for anisotropy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effect of head tilt on meridional differences in acuity: Implications for orientation constancy

Banks

Stolarz

1975

Perception & Psychophysics

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Horn and Hill (1969) and others have reported that a small number of units in the cat visual cortex undergo changes in receptive field orientation associated with body tilt. Such units reportedly compensate for tilt and may represent a mechanism for human orientation constancy. To test this, we measured meridional differences in visual acuity for head-vertical and head-tilted viewing conditions. The results of Experiment 1 did not directly support or refute the involvement of tilt-compensatory units. The results of Experiment 2, in which we controlled for countertorsion of the eyes, showed that meridional acuity differences correspond to the retinal and not the spatial orientation of the stimulus. We conclude that tilt-compensatory cortical units are not involved in human orientation constancy. The physiological evidence indicating the existence of tilt-compensatory units in the visual cortex is also reexamined.

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Orientation specificity of cells in cat striate cortex.

Cited by 244 publications

References 0 publications

The influence of stimulus velocity on the responses of single neurones in the striate cortex.

The influence of stimulus velocity on the responses of single neurones in the striate cortex.

Stimulus selectivity and functional organization in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortex of the cat.

The effect of head tilt on meridional differences in acuity: Implications for orientation constancy

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